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Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Understanding Chemical Reactions Lesson 2 Types of Chemical Reactions Lesson 3 Energy Changes and Chemical Reactions Chapter Wrap-Up. Chapter Menu. What happens to atoms and energy during a chemical reaction?. Chapter Introduction. What do you think?.

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  1. Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Understanding Chemical Reactions Lesson 2 Types of Chemical Reactions Lesson 3Energy Changes and Chemical Reactions Chapter Wrap-Up Chapter Menu

  2. What happens to atoms and energy during a chemical reaction? Chapter Introduction

  3. What do you think? Before you begin, decide if you agree or disagree with each of these statements. As you view this presentation, see if you change your mind about any of the statements. Chapter Introduction

  4. 1. If a substance bubbles, you know a chemical reaction is occurring. 2. During a chemical reaction, some atoms are destroyed and new atoms are made. 3. Reactions always start with two or more substances that react with each other. Do you agree or disagree? Chapter Introduction

  5. 4. Water can be broken down into simpler substances. 5. Reactions that release energy require energy to get started. 6. Energy can be created in a chemical reaction. Do you agree or disagree? Chapter Introduction

  6. Understanding Chemical Reactions • What are some signs that a chemical reaction might have occurred? • What happens to atoms during a chemical reaction? • What happens to the total mass in a chemical reaction? Lesson 1 Reading Guide - KC

  7. Understanding Chemical Reactions • law of conservation of mass • coefficient • chemical reaction • chemical equation • reactant • product Lesson 1 Reading Guide - Vocab

  8. Changes in Matter • A physical change does not produce new substances. • For example, water molecules are always made up of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom regardless of whether they are solid, liquid, or gas. Lesson 1-1

  9. Changes in Matter(cont.) • During a chemical change, one or more substances change into new substances. • A chemical reaction is a process in which atoms of one or more substances rearrange to form one or more new substances. Lesson 1-1

  10. Signs of a Chemical Reaction • Changes in the physical properties of color, state of matter, and odor are all signs that a chemical reaction might have occurred. • If substances get warmer or cooler or if they give off light or sound, it is likely that a chemical reaction has occurred. Lesson 1-2

  11. Signs of a Chemical Reaction(cont.) The only way to know if a chemical reaction has occurred is to study the chemical properties of the substances before and after the change. What are some signs that a chemical reaction might have occurred? Lesson 1-2

  12. What happens in a chemical reaction? • In a chemical reaction, atoms of elements or compounds rearrange and form different elements or compounds. • Atoms rearrange when chemical bonds between atoms break. Lesson 1-3

  13. Notice that no new atoms are created in a chemical reaction. The existing atoms rearrange and form new substances. Lesson 1-3

  14. What happens in a chemical reaction?(cont.) What happens to atoms during a chemical reaction? Lesson 1-3

  15. Chemical Equations • A chemical equation is a description of a reaction using element symbols and chemical formulas. • In chemical equations, element symbols represent elements and chemical formulas represent compounds. Lesson 1-4

  16. Chemical Equations(cont.) • A subscript describes the number of atoms of an element in a compound. • If an element’s symbol does not have a subscript, the compound contains only one atom of that element. Lesson 1-4

  17. Lesson 1-4

  18. Chemical Equations(cont.) • A chemical equation includes both the substances that react and the substances that are formed in a chemical reaction. • The starting substances in a chemical reaction are reactants. • The substances produced by the chemical reaction are products. Lesson 1-4

  19. Chemical Equations(cont.) product from Latin producere, means “bring forth” Lesson 1-5

  20. Chemical Equations(cont.) • The reactants are written to the left of the arrow. • The products are written to the right of the arrow. • The general structure for a chemical equation is:reactant + reactant product + product Lesson 1-4

  21. An equation is read much like a sentence. This equation is read as “carbon plus oxygen produces carbon dioxide.” Lesson 1-4

  22. Conservation of Mass • The law of conservation of mass states that the total mass of the reactants before a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass of the products after the chemical reaction. • Mass is conserved in a reaction because atoms are conserved. • All atoms at the start of a chemical reaction are present at the end of the reaction. Lesson 1-5

  23. Mass is conserved in the reaction between baking soda and vinegar. Hutchings Photography/Digital Light Source Hutchings Photography/Digital Light Source Lesson 1-5

  24. Conservation of Mass(cont.) What happens to the total mass of the reactants in a chemical reaction? Lesson 1-5

  25. Conservation of Mass(cont.) A chemical equation is written so that the number of atoms of each element is the same, or balanced, on each side of the arrow. Lesson 1-5

  26. Conservation of Mass(cont.) A balanced equation often does not happen automatically when the formulas for reactants and products are written. Lesson 1-5

  27. Conservation of Mass(cont.) • A coefficient is a number placed in front of an element symbol or chemical formula in an equation. • Only coefficients can be changed when balancing an equation. Lesson 1-5

  28. Conservation of Mass(cont.) • Changing subscripts changes the identities of the substances that are in the reaction. • When no coefficient is present, only one unit of the substance takes part in the reaction. Lesson 1-5

  29. Lesson 1-6

  30. Lesson 1-6

  31. A chemical reaction is a process in which bonds break and atoms rearrange, forming new bonds. Lesson 1 - VS

  32. A chemical equation uses symbols to show reactants and products of a chemical reaction. Lesson 1 - VS

  33. The mass and the number of each type of atom do not change during a chemical reaction. This is the law of conservation of mass. Lesson 1 - VS

  34. Which term refers to a description of a reaction using element symbols and chemical formulas? A. chemical equation B. chemical reaction C. coefficient D. subscript Lesson 1 – LR1

  35. What are substances produced by a chemical reaction called? A. reactants B. products C. element D. coefficient Lesson 1 – LR2

  36. What is conserved when mass is conserved in a reaction? A. substances B. products C. coefficients D. atoms Lesson 1 – LR3

  37. 1. If a substance bubbles, you know a chemical reaction is occurring. 2. During a chemical reaction, some atoms are destroyed and new atoms are made. Do you agree or disagree? Lesson 1 - Now

  38. Types of Chemical Reactions • How can you recognize the type of chemical reaction by the number or type of reactants and products? • What are the different types of chemical reactions? Lesson 2 Reading Guide - KC

  39. Types of Chemical Reactions • synthesis • decomposition • single replacement • double replacement • combustion Lesson 2 Reading Guide - Vocab

  40. Patterns in Reactions • The breakdown of one reactant into two or more products is one of four major types of chemical reactions. • Each type of chemical reaction follows a unique pattern in the way atoms in reactants rearrange to form products. Lesson 2-1

  41. Types of Chemical Reactions A synthesis is a type of chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine and form one compound. Lesson 2-2

  42. Types of Chemical Reactions(cont.) synthesis from Greek syn–, means “together”; and tithenai, means “put” Lesson 2-2

  43. Types of Chemical Reactions(cont.) In a decomposition reaction, one compound breaks down and forms two or more substances. Lesson 2-2

  44. Types of Chemical Reactions(cont.) How can you tell the difference between synthesis and decomposition reactions? Lesson 2-2

  45. Types of Chemical Reactions(cont.) In a single-replacement reaction, one element replaces another element in a compound. Lesson 2-2

  46. Types of Chemical Reactions(cont.) In a double-replacement reaction, the negative ions in two compounds switch places, forming two new compounds. Lesson 2-2

  47. Types of Chemical Reactions(cont.) Combustion is a chemical reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen and releases energy. Lesson 2-2

  48. Types of Chemical Reactions(cont.) What are the different types of chemical reactions? Lesson 2-2

  49. Chemical reactions are classified according to patterns seen in their reactants and products. Lesson 2 - VS

  50. In a synthesis reaction, there are two or more reactants and one product. A decomposition reaction is the opposite of a synthesis reaction. Lesson 2 - VS

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