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Climate Change: Does Memory in coral dictate fitness in a changing world?

Explore how memory in coral influences fitness in a changing world due to climate change effects on organisms and marine ecosystems. Study programmed cell death, immunity, and responses in coral populations.

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Climate Change: Does Memory in coral dictate fitness in a changing world?

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  1. Climate Change: Does Memory in coral dictate fitness in a changing world? 1Kevin B. Strychar & 2Paul W. Sammarco 1Annis Water Resources Institute of Grand Valley State University, Michigan, USA 2Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium (LUMCON), 8124 Hwy. 56, Chauvin, LA 70344, USA

  2. Introduction: Climate change USGCRP 2009

  3. Introduction: impact on organisms Dengue Virus Dengue virus By far the greatest impact from global warming has been in the seas and oceans, where changes in heat content, oxygen levels and other biogeochemical properties have devastated marine ecosystems. Globally, the average body size of fish has declined by up to 24 per cent compared with 2000. About half of this shrinkage has come from changes in distribution and abundance, the remainder from changes in physiology. The tropics have been the worst affected regions. (http://www.futuretimeline.net/21stcentury/2050-2059.htm)

  4. Introduction: coral http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://biologie.ens-lyon.fr/ressources/bibliographies/m1-12-13-biosci-reviews-fournier-a-1c-m.xml/Pictures/m1-12-13-biosci-reviews-fournier-a-1c-fig1.png&imgrefurl=http://biologie.ens-lyon.fr/ressources/bibliographies/m1-12-13-biosci-reviews-fournier-a-1c-m.xml&h=1497&w=2188&tbnid=S0C8ZocgyFO5VM:&zoom=1&docid=n9t9J0zCQ0_scM&ei=-_iEVZ_5C4KfoQSxkKvADw&tbm=isch&ved=0CCIQMygGMAY

  5. Introduction: coral

  6. Introduction: coral phagocytes Tahseen, 2009

  7. Hypotheses 1. Too many symbionts? 2. No symbionts? 3. Hard vs. Soft vs. Gorgonian Better heat resistance Better disease resistance Better fitness

  8. Apoptosis – Aponecrosis - Necrosis programmed traumatic = PCD Coral immune systems Types of Programmed Cell Death (PCD) Apoptosis Autophagic Caspase-independent Anolkis Aponecrosis

  9. Complement http://bio.sunyorange.edu/updated2/GENETICS/4%20LECTINS.htm

  10. Complement components? http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://image.slidesharecdn.com/srsinfamattion-150426014405-conversion-gate01/95/infamattion-in-dentistry-dept-of-public-health-dentistry-31-638.jpg%253Fcb%253D1430012814&imgrefurl=http://www.slideshare.net/drsharanprakash/infamattion&h=479&w=638&tbnid=WRPXXdOMLa5xbM:&zoom=1&docid=n0PC7LBv-HoUuM&ei=S_SEVcGLIMHxoATy6YCQBA&tbm=isch&ved=0CEYQMygiMCI

  11. Allorecognition Stylophora pistillata; http://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=2391163_1471-2148-8-126-1&req=4

  12. Allorecognition http://www.reefkeeping.com/issues/2006-02/nftt/index.php

  13. Self vs. not-self Boehm, T. 2006. Quality control in Self/nonself discrimination. Cell. 125: 845-858. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.05.017

  14. Memory?

  15. Summary Vertebrates vs. Invertebrates and the black hole of knowledge regarding invertebrate immune responses. http://emboj.embopress.org/content/early/2014/03/27/embj.201387651 Coral Toll, DSCAM, Caspases, Others? ? ? Possibly http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://image.slidesharecdn.com/immuno-140401124205-phpapp01/95/immuno-evolution-from-innate-to-adaptive-2-638.jpg%253Fcb%253D1396356332&imgrefurl=http://www.slideshare.net/sandeepsatapathy11/immuno-32997470&h=479&w=638&tbnid=A_7-9oHAm8TmDM:&zoom=1&docid=Z2XdAaj4MHcj6M&ei=q_uEVcncHYryoATzz4PQAw&tbm=isch&ved=0CEEQMygdMB0

  16. Results Fluorescent conjugates • Apoptosis and Necrosis; • Phagocytosisfluorometric assays; • Pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) probes: FLS2 • - flagellin protein in bacteria Sarcophyton ehrenbergi Montastraea cavernosa Montastraea cavernosa Number of Beads beads FLS2 beads Swarming? 28°C 34°C 28°C 34°C Temperature (°C)

  17. Results Fluorescent conjugates • Apoptosis and Necrosis; • Phagocytosisfluorometric assays; • Pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) probes: FLS2 • Caspases Soft Hard

  18. Summary Tuffery, 2010

  19. Questions?

  20. Methods

  21. 34C PI Annexin V Apoptotic Methods

  22. Percent (%) of cells in-situ 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 Time (h) Results Viable Cells

  23. Percent (%) of cells in-situ 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 Time (h) Results Necrotic cells

  24. Percent (%) of cells in-situ 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 Time (h) Results Apoptotic Cells

  25. E F Results Apoptosis of Symbiodinium from host Acropora hyacinthus 32C 30C 32C 28C D C B A Normal mid-apoptotic Normal mid-necrotic 34C 34C Necrotic Apoptotic

  26. Results Apoptosis of host Acropora hyacinthus

  27. Summary Next step: in progress “Trogocytosis”: The signaling molecules released by one cell act on neighboring target cells (plasma membrane-like transmitters). - e.g. CDKs – cell dependent kinases

  28. Methods

  29. 34C Apoptotic Methods

  30. Methods Fluorescent conjugates • Apoptosis and Necrosis; • Phagocytosis fluorometric assays; • Pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) probes: FLS2 • Caspases

  31. B C Results Fluorescent conjugates • Apoptosis and Necrosis; Apoptosis of Symbiodinium from host Acropora hyacinthus 28C 34C 34C Necrotic A Apoptotic

  32. Results Fluorescent conjugates • Apoptosis and Necrosis; Apoptosis of host Acropora hyacinthus

  33. Results Fluorescent conjugates • Apoptosis and Necrosis; • Phagocytosisfluorometric assays; 10 um 10 um 10 um Clarke and Maddera, 2006; bar = 5 um

  34. Self vs not-self Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 07 January 2015 | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2014.00176

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