Applying Flipping Classroom Method in Mathematics Classes

1. Possibility of Applying Flipping Classroom Method in Mathematics Classes By: Mahmoud I. Syam Mathematics Department Foundation Program Qatar University

2. Content • Who is Mahmoud Syam? • Introduction • What is the meaning of Flipped Classroom? • Comparison between Traditional method and Flipped classroom method • Literature Review. • Previous published case studies about the Flipped Classroom. • Advantages of the flipped classroom. • Disadvantages of the flipped classroom. • A case study during Spring 2014. • A case study during Summer 2014. • Questions and Discussion.

3. Content • Who is Mahmoud Syam? • Introduction • What is the meaning of Flipped Classroom? • Comparison between Traditional method and Flipped classroom method. • Previous published case studies about the Flipped Classroom. • Advantages of the flipped classroom. • Disadvantages of the flipped classroom. • A case study during Spring 2014. • A case study during Summer 2014. • Questions and Discussion.

4. Who is Mahmoud Syam? • Mahmoud Syam is a Math lecturer in MD – FP – QU. • 31 published papers in scientific journal and conferences’ proceedings. • 8 accepted papers and papers in progress. • 17 participations in international conferences outside Qatar as presenter and chair of sessions. • 23 participations in international and national conferences inside Qatar as presenter or attendant. • 28 seminars inside Qatar University for instructors. • More than 40 seminars related to American College Testing (ACT) inside Qatar University for students.

5. 9 workshops and general seminars outside Qatar University for schools’ teachers and other colleges. • More than 27 seminars related to American College Testing (ACT) outside Qatar University for students and their teachers. • Organizing the first and the second symposiums on raising awareness on Foundation Program and its requirement. • Providing more than 3000 students and more than 150 teachers with materials to prepare students for ACT and IELTS international Exams.

6. Content • Who is Mahmoud Syam? • Introduction • What is the meaning of Flipped Classroom? • Comparison between Traditional method and Flipped classroom method • Literature Review. • Previous published case studies about the Flipped Classroom. • Advantages of the flipped classroom. • Disadvantages of the flipped classroom. • A case study during Spring 2014. • A case study during Summer 2014. • Questions and Discussion.

7. Introduction Teaching mathematics is so hard because mathematics is not something you learn. Mathematics is something you do. This makes mathematics different from other subjects. For this reason, not any strategy or method can be applied to teach mathematics, but the good teacher can choose a suitable strategy of teaching and he/she can follow an effective teaching method(s). But what if teachers do not have enough teaching skills, then they can improve their teaching methods and skills by searching for new strategies and methods.

8. Introduction • Teaching method is what the teacher follow of sequential interconnected steps to achieve a goal or set of specific objectives. To determine the best method of teaching we should: • Determine students’ prior experience and their academic level. • Analyze the teaching material to determine the learning objectives. • Select and formulate learning goals and learning objectives depending on the quality of the students and their mental level.

9. Introduction After that the teacher can determine the method of teaching that fit with the scientific material and the mental level of the students, taking in consideration the following five questions: • Does the teaching method satisfy the teaching goals? • Does the teaching method raise students’ attention and generate their motivation to learn? • Is the teaching method consistent with mental level of students? • Does the teaching method maintain the activity of students in the class and encourage them to study after the end of the lesson? • Is the teaching method consistent with the information contained in the lesson?

10. Introduction All teaching methods depend on three rules; Start from known to unknown, Start from simple to compound, Start from perceived to reasonable.

11. Introduction Some strategies and methods of teaching: Lecturing Method. Strategy of discovery. (1) Inductive method. (2) Method of solving problems. Strategy of cooperative learning. Strategy of interactive teaching. Brainstorming Strategy. Jigsaw strategy. Play mode method. Teaching Laboratory. Flipping Classroom Strategy

12. Content • Who is Mahmoud Syam? • Introduction • What is the meaning of Flipped Classroom? • Comparison between Traditional method and Flipped classroom method • Literature Review. • Previous published case studies about the Flipped Classroom. • Advantages of the flipped classroom. • Disadvantages of the flipped classroom. • A case study during Spring 2014. • A case study during Summer 2014. • Questions and Discussion.

13. What is the meaning of Flipped Classroom?

14. What is the meaning of Flipped Classroom? Flip teaching or a flipped classroom is a form of blended learning in which students learn new content online by watching video lectures, usually at home, and what used to be homework is now done in class with teachers offering more personalized guidance and interaction with students, instead of lecturing. This is also known as reverse teaching.

15. What is the meaning of Flipped Classroom? Inverting the classroom means that events that have traditionally taken place inside the classroom now take place outside the classroom and vice versa.

16. What is the meaning of Flipped Classroom? Researchers defined the flipped classroom as an educational technique that consists of two parts: Interactive group learning activities inside the classroom Direct computer-based individual instruction outside the classroom.

17. Content • Who is Mahmoud Syam? • Introduction • What is the meaning of Flipped Classroom? • Comparison between Traditional method and Flipped classroom method • Literature Review. • Previous published case studies about the Flipped Classroom. • Advantages of the flipped classroom. • Disadvantages of the flipped classroom. • A case study during Spring 2014. • A case study during Summer 2014. • Questions and Discussion.

18. Comparison between Traditional method and Flipped classroom method.

19. Comparison between Traditional method and Flipped classroom method.

20. Content • Who is Mahmoud Syam? • Introduction • What is the meaning of Flipped Classroom? • Comparison between Traditional method and Flipped classroom method • Literature Review. • Previous published case studies about the Flipped Classroom. • Advantages of the flipped classroom. • Disadvantages of the flipped classroom. • A case study during Spring 2014. • A case study during Summer 2014. • Questions and Discussion.

21. Literature Review In 1993, King published "From Sage on the Stage to Guide on the Side" in College Teaching.

22. Literature Review Starting in fall 2000, the University of Wisconsin-Madison used e-Teach software to replace lectures in a computer science course with streaming video of the lecturer and coordinated slides. In 2004, Salman Khan began to record videos at the request of a younger cousin who felt that recorded lessons would let her skip parts she had mastered and replay parts that were troubling her. Khan’s model essentially provides one-to-one tutoring. Khan Academy videos are used as part of some educators' flipped teaching strategy.

23. Literature Review In 2006, Maesumi taught a flipped Calculus I class at Lamar University. Students in the flipped class significantly outperformed the controls in Calculus II. • Stacey Roshan, a high school math teacher in Potomac, Maryland, reduced student anxiety through flexible testing and student created content. • Her mother, also a math teacher, used the videos her daughter had created, as well.

24. Literature Review In 2007, Jonathan Bergmann and Aaron Sams, both high school science teachers at Woodland Park High School in Woodland Park, Colorado, implemented their own version of the flipped classroom by first moving all of their direct instruction to online videos, and then introducing the Flipped-Mastery model during the 2008-2009 school year. They wr0te in their book "Flip Your Classroom, Reach Every Student in Every Class Every Day.

25. Content • Who is Mahmoud Syam? • Introduction • What is the meaning of Flipped Classroom? • Comparison between Traditional method and Flipped classroom method • Literature Review. • Previous published case studies about the Flipped Classroom. • Advantages of the flipped classroom. • Disadvantages of the flipped classroom. • A case study during Spring 2014. • A case study during Summer 2014. • Questions and Discussion.

26. Previous published case studies about the Flipped Classroom The performance of Byron High School’s students in math was low. In 2006, fewer than one-third of students (29.9%) passed the state mathematics test (Minnesota Comprehensive Assessments) and ACT composite scores averaged 21.2. After flipping their math classrooms, the teachers found that engagement increased and students began exceeding expectations. By 2011, nearly three-quarters (73.8%) of students passed the state math test, more than double the performance from just three years earlier, and the ACT composite scores improved to 24.5.

27. Content • Who is Mahmoud Syam? • Introduction • What is the meaning of Flipped Classroom? • Comparison between Traditional method and Flipped classroom method • Literature Review. • Previous published case studies about the Flipped Classroom. • Advantages of the flipped classroom. • Disadvantages of the flipped classroom. • A case study during Spring 2014. • A case study during Summer 2014. • Questions and Discussion.

28. Advantages of the flipped classroom Doing “homework” in class gives teachers better insight into student difficulties and learning styles. Teachers can more easily customize and update the curriculum and provide it to students 24/7. Classroom time can be used more effectively and creatively. Also, teachers using the method report seeing increased levels of student achievement. Interest, and engagement, learning theory supports the new approaches. The use of technology is flexible and appropriate for “21st century learning. There is more time to spend with students on solving word problems. The method promotes thinking inside and outside of the classroom. In addition, students get more time working with scientific equipment that is only available in the classroom. Students are more actively involved in the learning process, and students also really like it.

29. Content • Who is Mahmoud Syam? • Introduction • What is the meaning of Flipped Classroom? • Comparison between Traditional method and Flipped classroom method • Literature Review. • Previous published case studies about the Flipped Classroom. • Advantages of the flipped classroom. • Disadvantages of the flipped classroom. • A case study during Spring 2014. • A case study during Summer 2014. • Questions and Discussion.

30. Disadvantages of the flipped classroom (1) Students new to the method may be initially resistant because it requires that they do work at home rather than be first exposed to the subject matter in school. Consequently, they may come unprepared to class to participate in the active learning phase of the course. (2) The homework (readings, videos) must be carefully designed for the students in order to prepare them for the in-class activities. For most teachers (and students), videos are the method of choice for delivering the out-of-class portion of the instruction. (3) Finding a good quality of videos is difficult. (4) Videos produced by sources such as the Kahn Academy and Bozeman Science do not coincide with the syllabus of the course. (5) Creating own videos using software programs like Camtasia, Paper Show, and Show Me or apps on the iPad like Educreations and Explain Everything, requires a significant amount of time from the instructor.

31. Content • Who is Mahmoud Syam? • Introduction • What is the meaning of Flipped Classroom? • Comparison between Traditional method and Flipped classroom method • Literature Review. • Previous published case studies about the Flipped Classroom. • Advantages of the flipped classroom. • Disadvantages of the flipped classroom. • A case study during Spring 2014. • A case study during Summer 2014. • Questions and Discussion.

32. A case study during Spring 2014 Designing the flipped classroom depends on thinking and preparing in-class activities and out-class activities. The combination of in-class and out-of-class activities was evaluated to determine possibility of applying the flipped classroom. Out-of-class activities prepared to include required video lectures from khan academy website and math TV website beside written notes with answers. In-class activities prepared to involve interactive learning activities, like dividing the students into pairs or small groups. Some of these activities required students to read material before class, rather than having it presented in an audiovisual format.

33. A case study during Spring 2014 During the academic semester Spring 2014, I chose one pre-calculus course from my groups as a pilot group. This group consists of 40 female students. Students agreed to help me in applying the method of flipped classroom for two-three weeks to cover three section from the syllabus, these sections are inverse function, exponential functions and logarithmic functions. These three sections cover the contents of quiz (3). Written notes with answers are submitted to all students in this group by blackboard and their e-mails to be read before the classes. Also, some videos related to these three sections from khan academy and math TV sites are sent to students to be seen before the classes.

34. A case study during Spring 2014 On the other hand, several worksheets are prepared to be solved in the classroom, and I changed the design of the seats in classroom to divide my students into small groups or in pairs, and to make it easier for me to walk around them, also to be easy for me to reach to all students. To evaluate this method, all students sat to take quiz (3) covered the three sections, the results are compared to results of previous quizzes 1 and 2. Statistical analysis is done to these results. In addition, a questionnaire is distributed among all students in this pilot group at the end of these three weeks to investigate their opinions about the flipped classroom method, the results are analyzed.

35. A case study during Spring 2014

36. A case study during Spring 2014

37. Content • Who is Mahmoud Syam? • Introduction • What is the meaning of Flipped Classroom? • Comparison between Traditional method and Flipped classroom method • Literature Review. • Previous published case studies about the Flipped Classroom. • Advantages of the flipped classroom. • Disadvantages of the flipped classroom. • A case study during Spring 2014. • A case study during Summer 2014. • Questions and Discussion.

38. A case study during Summer 2014 During the academic semester Summer2014, I chose two groups of pre-calculus courses one males (42 students) and the second females (26 students). We applied the idea of flipping classroom during the whole semester. All written notes with answers are submitted to all students in these groups by blackboard and their e-mails from the beginning of the course. Also, some videos related to all sections from khan academy and math TV sites are sent to students to be seen before the classes. Results of students are analyzed as the following.

39. A case study during Summer 2014

40. A case study during Summer 2014

41. Percentages of students answers

42. Percentages of students answers

43. Recommendations • This method should be reviewed and applied on more students and groups to investigate the performance of students during the semester and comparing their results to traditional methods. • providing specific professional development sessions to explain and clarify this method to other colleagues in the department and persuading them to use this method in teaching, because this method needs a great effort in preparing out-class activities like suitable videos and readings. • The homework (readings, videos) must be carefully designed for the students in order to prepare them for the in-class activities and to be coincide with the objectives of the lesson.

44. Recommendations • Searching for or preparing a good quality and suitable videos related to the objectives of the lesson, because videos produced by sources such as the Kahn Academy and Bozeman Science do not coincide always with the syllabus of the course. • This investigation should be replicated in similar Math courses with different teachers in order to compare results and to draw the right conclusions.

45. What we are doing to improve this method? • In Fall 2014, I presented a seminar about Flipping classroom method in Mathematics department in Foundation Program. • They were happy about this method. • Three committees are formed at the beginning of Spring 2015: Best practices of teaching and learning committee. Booklet Task committee. Video recording committee.

46. Contact MeE-mail: M.syam@qu.edu.qaMobile: 55468238 : Mahmoud I. Syam Mathematics Department Foundation Program Qatar University

47. InvitationIf you have any idea to be presented, we invite you to present it in our department.If you need any information about ACT or other topics, we can provide you or present seminars or workshops I your school related to it.If you need any help in writing a research paper and publish it in scientific journal or participating in a conference. : Mahmoud I. Syam Mathematics Department Foundation Program Qatar University

48. Thank You Questions and Discussion