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Negative Index/Refraction & Fabrication + Application

Negative Index/Refraction & Fabrication + Application. EE235 2 nd presentation May 4 th , 2009 Jun Rho. Cloaking & Invisible Man. Refraction & Snell’s law. Snell’s law. Total Internal Reflection. m. RHM. RHM. RHM. LHM. e < 0 m > 0. e > 0 m > 0. k. k. S. S.

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Negative Index/Refraction & Fabrication + Application

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  1. Negative Index/Refraction & Fabrication + Application EE235 2nd presentation May 4th, 2009 Jun Rho

  2. Cloaking & Invisible Man

  3. Refraction & Snell’s law Snell’s law Total Internal Reflection

  4. m RHM RHM RHM LHM e < 0 m > 0 e > 0 m > 0 k k S S metals , ionic crystals most dielectrics e negative m materials no natural materials e < 0 m < 0 e > 0 m < 0 n1 n1 Snell’s Law n2 n2 (p = -1 for LHM) Negative Index Metamaterials Refractive Index • “Practical Applications” • SuperLens • HyperLens • Cloaking

  5. Superlens: Principle Diffraction limit w/o superlens Diffraction limit w superlens X. Zhang et al, Vol. 308, pp 435-441, Nature Materials, 2008

  6. Superlens: Experiment At wavelength = 365nm Resolution achieved about 60-90nm N. Fang et al, Vol. 308, pp1534-5376, Science, 2005

  7. Superlens: Fabrication • Cr deposition on a quartz substrate • Focused Ion Beam (FIB) patterning • Planarization • PMMA spacer layer deposition • Ag layer deposition • Near field photolithography N. Fang et al, Vol. 308, pp1534-5376, Science, 2005

  8. |H| 0.04 Wavelength: 405nm 0.02 45pairs 10nmAg/10nm Ta2O5(R1:100nm,R2:1000nm) Object: 50nm separation, 20nm opening 0 Hyperlens: Principle At wavelength = 365nm Diffraction limit w/o hyperlens Diffraction limit w/ hyperlens Images after hyperlens Theoretically, diffraction limit is overcame. (120m < 150nm) Experimental resolution limit? 22 pairs (R1: 400nm, R2: 1940nm)

  9. Hyperlens: Experiment 130nm J. Liu et all, Vol. 315, p 1686, Science, 2007

  10. Hyperlens: Fabrication 1. Cr deposition on the quartz surface 2. Focused Ion Beam (FIB) patterning. 3. HF (BOE) wet etching 4. Remove mask layer 5. Multilayer deposition of Ag and Al2O3 by E-beam evaporator. Finally, the last Cr layer deposition is followed

  11. Superlens & Hyperlens Conventional lens Superlens (Near field) Superlens (Far field) Hyperlens X. Zhang et al, Vol. 308, pp 435-441, Nature Materials, 2008

  12. H H k k E E Metamaterials: Principle & Fab. Negative Index (LHM) Negative Permeability (µ) Negative Permittivity (ε) Wire Grid Polarizer RLC Circuit S. Zhang, Opt. Exp., 2005 S. Zhang, PRL, 2005 J. Valentine et al, Nature, 2008

  13. Cloaking: Fab. & Experiment J. Valentine et al, pp 1-5, Nature, 2008

  14. Future steps • Superlens • More applications • Hyperlens • Overcoming diffraction limit in visible wavelength • Application to Bio-Engineering • Cloaking • Bulk-metamaterials characteristics • Manufacturing Issues

  15. Questions?

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