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Geographical Influences on Weather

Explore the effects of mountains, large bodies of water, and wind on weather and climate. Learn about temperature variations in mountainous regions, rain shadow effect, water's role in regulating land temperatures, and different wind types. Discover how sea breezes, land breezes, valley breezes, and mountain breezes influence local weather patterns. Engage in interactive activities to deepen your understanding of geographical influences on climate.

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Geographical Influences on Weather

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  1. Geographical Influences on Weather

  2. EQ: How do mountains, large bodies of water and wind affect climate and weather?

  3. Mountains • Temperature of mountainous areas • Rain shadow effect (video 1:15) • http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=200048

  4. Bodies of Water • Water temperatures change more slowly than land temperatures. • This means areas near large bodies of water will have milder temperatures since the water helps regulate the land temperatures. • Land near large bodies of water will also get more snowfall because of the moisture in the air (from the nearby water)

  5. Breezes and Winds • Breezes and winds are also affected by temperature and bodies of water. • Some different types of breezes are: • sea • land • mountain • valley

  6. Sea Breeze • Along the coast, land and sea are heating differently. This leads to the development of local winds called sea breezes. • As air above the land surface is heated by radiation from the Sun, it expands and begins to rise, being lighter than the surrounding air. • To replace the rising air, cooler air is drawn in from above the surface of the sea. This is how a sea breeze is formed.

  7. Land Breeze • A land breeze occurs at night when the land cools faster than the sea. • The air above the water is warmer than the land so it rises, creating a low pressure area. • The air above the land is cooler (a high pressure area) so it flows towards the water, into the low pressure area, creating a land breeze.

  8. Land Breeze

  9. Valley Breeze • During the day, the surface of the mountain heats the air high up in the atmosphere, quicker than the valley floor can. • As the warmer air expands a low pressure area is created near the top of the mountain. The valley is a high pressure area, so, that air flows toward the low pressure area, creating a breeze that blows from the valley floor up towards the top of the mountain.

  10. Mountain Breeze • In the evening, the mountain slopes cool the surrounding air more quickly than the air found lower in the atmosphere like in the valley. • The high pressure area of the cooler mountain tops blows down the mountain towards the low pressure area of the warmer valley.

  11. Valley and Mountain Breezes When the valley floor warms during the day, warm air rises up the slopes of surrounding mountains and hills to create a valley breeze. At night, denser cool air slides down the slopes to settle in the valley, producing a mountain breeze.

  12. Read and Think • Read with a partner about the geographical influences on weather and climate (pages 113-115 in the EOG Science Book • Discuss with your partner • On your own, answer questions 1-4 on page 116.

  13. sources • http://www.kidsgeo.com/geography-for-kids/0084-pressure-and-density.php • http://www.britannica.com

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