Understanding the Water Cycle and Climate Factors

1. Moisture • A. The Water Cycle precipitation condensation evaporation transpiration absorption runoff infiltration

2. Factors that Affect Infiltration • Slope of the Land –

3. Factors that Affect Infiltration • Degree of Saturation

4. Factors that Affect Infiltration • Porosity • Shape

5. Factors that Affect Infiltration • Porosity • Packing

6. Factors that Affect Infiltration • Porosity • Sorting

7. Factors that Affect Infiltration • Permeability

8. Factors that Affect Infiltration • Capillarity

9. Factors that Affect Infiltration • Vegetation / Land Use

10. Factors Affecting Runoff • Rate of Precipitation

11. Factors Affecting Runoff • Pore Space

12. Factors Affecting Runoff • Slope of the Land

13. Climate

14. What is climate? Climate is… Long term weather Composite weather Average weather Pg. 1

15. Temperature Factors • Latitude: • Average yearly temperature: (1) Pg. 1

16. increases decreases (2) As latitude _________ average yearly temperature____________. (3) Average Yearly Temp. O° LAT. 90° Pg. 1

17. b. Yearly temperature range: (1) Northern Hemisphere warm cold Indirect Rays Short Daylight Period More Direct Rays Long Daylight Period

18. Low Mid High

19. increases increases (3) As latitude _________ yearly temperature range ____________. (4) Yearly Temp. Range O° LAT. 90°

20. c. Average Yearly Temperature vs. Yearly Temperature Range

21. 2. Altitude: Low High Pg. 2

22. increases decreases b. As altitude _________, average yearly temperature ____________. c. Average Yearly Temp. Altitude Pg. 3

23. Ocean Currents a. Ocean currents may make the climate of a costal region warmer or colder than normal for its latitude. Pg. 3

24. warmer b. Warmer or Colder? Due to ocean currents, the east coast of North America is__________ than normal. The west coast of North America is__________ than normal. The east coast of South America is__________ than normal. The west coast of South America is__________ than normal. cooler warmer cooler The west coast of Africa and Europe is __________ than normal. The northwestern Europe( Iceland, Great Britain, and Scandinavia) is__________ than normal. cooler warmer

25. Pg. 4 • Marine vs. Continental • Sea of land locations affect temperature ranges. Since land gains and loses heat much more quickly than water, land areas tend to have_______ summers and_______ winters. Costal areas near the ocean have cooler summers and milder/warmer winters. Coastal areas have marine climates with a _____ yearly temperature range. Continental interiors (land areas) have continental climates with a ______ yearly temperature range. cooler warmer small larger

26. Pg. 4 b. (1) Location X: ____________ climate;_________ yearly temperature range. (2) Location Y: ______________ climate; ________ yearly temperature range. continental greater marine smaller

27. Rainfall Factors Pg. 5 • Latitude a. Uneven heating of the Earth produces global wind belts and pressure belts. These “pressure belts” determine the wetness or dryness of a particular location. Low pressure regions occur where air is rising. As air rises, it expands and cools, which causes condensation and precipitation to occur. Thus low pressure regions are areas of rainfall (wetness), and high pressure regions are areas that lack rainfall (dryness).

28. Pg. 4 b. (1) What latitudes are areas of rainfall/wetness? (2) What latitudes are areas that lack rainfall/dryness? 0° (equator), 60° North and South 30° North and South (horse latitudes), 90° North and South

29. Mountains – The Orographic Effect a. condensation precipitation cools sinks compresses expands warms rises Pg. 6

30. Pg. 6 b. Windward vs. Leeward (1) Rainfall occurs on the __________side of the mountain where the air is__________. (2) It is dry on the__________ side of the mountain where the air is __________. windward rising leeward sinking