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PARANASAL SINUSES Anatomy, Physiology and Diseases

PARANASAL SINUSES Anatomy, Physiology and Diseases. Maria Angelica M. Geronimo Group 5a. PARANASAL SINUSES. Air-filled cavities that communicate with the nasal cavities. PARANASAL SINUSES Anatomy. MAXILLARY SINUS. Medial: nasal cavity

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PARANASAL SINUSES Anatomy, Physiology and Diseases

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  1. PARANASAL SINUSESAnatomy, Physiology and Diseases Maria Angelica M. Geronimo Group 5a

  2. PARANASAL SINUSES • Air-filled cavities that communicate with the nasal cavities

  3. PARANASAL SINUSESAnatomy

  4. MAXILLARY SINUS • Medial: nasal cavity • Floor: close to the root of the second premolar and first molar teeth • Posterior: Pterygopalatinefossa • Traversed by the maxillary artery, branches of the CN V and ANS

  5. ETHMOID AIR CELLS • Labyrinthine system of small, pneumatized sinus cavities • Posterior: close to CN II • Lamina papyracea • Orbital plate • Forms the lateral bony wall that separates it from the orbit

  6. SPHENOID SINUS • Center of the skull above the nasopharynx • Clivus - forms the posterior wall • Superior:sellaturcica + pituitary, and anterior and middle cranial fossae • Lateral: cavernous sinus, ICA and CN II-VI • Closely related to CN II

  7. FRONTAL SINUS • Floor: forms the medial portion of the orbital roof • Anterior: anterior cranial fossa

  8. PARANASAL SINUSESPhysiology

  9. Functions • Humidification • Vocal resonance • Mucus production • Increased olfactory area • Absorbs shock to the head • Regulation of intranasal pressure

  10. PARANASAL SINUSESDiseases

  11. MAXILLARY SINUSITIS

  12. ETHMOID SINUSITIS

  13. FRONTAL SINUSITIS

  14. SPHENOID SINUSITIS

  15. PARANASAL SINUSESComplications

  16. MUCOCOELE • Mucus containing cyst found in the sinuses • Frequently seen in the maxillary sinuses (mucus retention cysts) • Ethmoids or frontal sinuses: swelling in the forehead • Sphenoids sinus: diplopiaor impaired vision

  17. PYOCOELE • Similar to a mucocoele but contains pus • Treatment: surgical removal and re-establishment of a good drainage

  18. ACUTE MENINGITIS • Infections may spread through venous channels or directly from neighboring sinuses such as posterior wall of the frontal sinus • Fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, signs of meningealirritation

  19. DURAL ABSCESS • Collection of pus between dura and internal table of the skull usually seen in frontal sinusitis • Intractable headache, spiking fever, may have signs of meningeal irritation • Increased ICP

  20. BRAIN ABSCESS • Occurs through directly extending thrombophlebitis • Brain may be contaminated at the peak of a severe suppurative sinusitis • Chills and fever, lack of appetite, weight loss, nausea and vomiting • Treatment: Massive IV antibiotics, surgical drainage

  21. OSTEOMYELITIS • Commonly seen in frontal sinusitis • Erosion of the frontal bone • Localized forehead pain, fever, chills, swelling over brow area • Radiographs: “moth-eaten” appearance of the margins of the sinuses

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