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Chapter 18

Chapter 18. Dental Assistant Skills. Career Highlights. Dental assistants are valuable members of the dental health care field Education requirements Certification obtained through the Dental Assisting National Board Duties performed follow state regulations Required skills.

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Chapter 18

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  1. Chapter 18 Dental Assistant Skills

  2. Career Highlights • Dental assistants are valuable members of the dental health care field • Education requirements • Certification obtained through the Dental Assisting National Board • Duties performed follow state regulations • Required skills

  3. 18:1 Identifying the Structures and Tissues of a Tooth • Odontology: study of the anatomy, growth, and diseases of the teeth • Teeth are accessory organs of thedigestive tract • Aid in mastication (chewing) of food

  4. Two Sets of Teeth • Dentitions: sets of teeth • Primary or deciduous dentition • Permanent or succedaneous dentition

  5. The Tooth • Crown—visible in the mouth • Root—below the gum line • Cervix—where the crown meets the root • Apex—tip of the root

  6. Tissues of the Tooth • Enamel—covers the crown • Cementum—covers the outside of the root • Dentin—located under the enamel and cementum of the root • Pulp—in the inner area of the tooth

  7. Periodontium • Structures that surround and support teeth • Alveolar process or ridge—surrounds the roots and has sockets • Periodontal ligament—supports the tooth in the socket • Gingiva or gums—surrounds the cervix

  8. Dental Care • Disease can affect the teeth and supporting structures • Dental care • Preventing and treating dental disease • Preserving and prolonging the life of the teeth

  9. 18:2 Identifying the Teeth • Incisors—front and center of the mouth • Cuspids—at angles of lips • Bicuspids—before the molars • Molars—back of the mouth

  10. Primary or Deciduous Teeth • First set of teeth—called “baby” teeth • 20 teeth • Naming of teeth

  11. Permanent or Succedaneous Teeth • Second or permanent set of teeth • 32 teeth • Naming of teeth

  12. 18:3 Identifying TeethUsing Numbering Systems • Universal National Numbering System • Identified by using letters A to T • Federation Dentaire International System • Two-digit code and 4 quadrants

  13. 18:4 Identifying the Surfaces of the Teeth • Anterior (toward the front) teeth • Posterior (toward the back) teeth • Crown surfaces • Suggested abbreviations (continues)

  14. Identifying the Surfaces of the Teeth(continued) • Line angles—form where two crown surfaces meet • Point angles—form where three crown surfaces meet • Abbreviations for line angles and point angles of anterior teeth • Abbreviations for line angles and point angles of posterior teeth

  15. 18:5 Charting Conditions of the Teeth • Conditions of the teeth are often charted on dental charts or insurance forms • Forms, symbols used, abbreviations, and other factors vary • Dental charts are legal records • Dental charts • Anatomic diagrams (continues)

  16. Charting Conditions of the Teeth(continued) • Geometric diagrams • Surfaces of teeth • Charting guidelines • Common symbols for anatomic or geometric diagrams • Recording treatments or services • Use of computerized dental charting

  17. 18:6 Operating and MaintainingDental Equipment • Follow manufacturer’s recommendations for operation of equipment • Infection control • Personal protective equipment (PPE) • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) • Covers for dental equipment (continues)

  18. Operating and MaintainingDental Equipment(continued) • Dental light • Dental chair • Air compressor • Oral-evacuation system • Assistant’s cart • Tri-flow or air-water syringe • Saliva ejector (continues)

  19. Operating and MaintainingDental Equipment(continued) • High-velocity oral evacuator • Cuspidor • Doctor’s cart • Low-speed hand piece • Contra angle for cutting and polishing • Prophylaxis angle for holding cups, etc. • High-speed handpiece (ultraspeed)

  20. Summary • Responsibilities for care and maintenance of dental equipment will vary • Dental assistant should learn exactly what maintenance is expected as a part of the job • Read specific manufacturer’s instructions for equipment you will handle

  21. 18:7 Identifying Dental Instruments and Preparing Dental Trays • Methods for setting up dental trays • Organization of trays • Main parts of a dental hand instrument • Standard instruments • Guidelines for preparing dental trays • Examples of tray set-ups • Basic principles for preparing dental trays

  22. 18:8 Positioning a Patientin the Dental Chair • Designed to position patient comfortably while providing doctor and assistant easy access to oral cavity • Headrests • Supine position • Explanation of all chair movements • Protective drape and safety glasses • Positioning of light • Principles of seating patient in dental chair

  23. 18:9 Demonstrating Brushing and Flossing Techniques • Using correct brushing and flossing techniques is essential in prevention of dental disease • May be responsible for teaching patients • Correct brushing and flossing is one method of prophylactic care (continues)

  24. Demonstrating Brushing andFlossing Techniques(continued) • Purposes • Demonstrations • Bass method • Five surfaces on each tooth • Toothbrushes • Toothpastes or dentifrices • Dental floss

  25. Summary • Correct brushing and flossing provides prophylactic care • Give thorough explanation to all patients • Be sure patient understands procedures • Asking patient to demonstrate procedures is a good way to determine if all points have been learned

  26. 18:10 Taking Impressionsand Pouring Molds • Impression • Negative film reproduction of a tooth, several teeth, or a dental arch • Taken to form a model of the area for restoration treatment that will take place outside of the mouth • Common materials used to take impressions

  27. Alginate • Hydrocolloid impression material that cannot be returned to its original state • Advantages • Disadvantages • Alginate powder—follow manufacturer’s recommended directions • Principles for taking alginate impression • Storage of alginate material

  28. Rubber Base or Polysulfide • Elastomeric impression material that is elastic and rubbery in nature • Three types are available • Can be used in any type of dental impression • Not as subject to dimension changes as alginate (continues)

  29. Rubber Base or Polysulfide(continued) • Models should be poured promptly if possible • Disadvantages • Basic principles of preparing rubber base

  30. Silicones • Polysiloxane or polyvinylsiloxane • Available in different material qualities • Supplied in two tubes—base and catalyst • Advantages • Disadvantages

  31. Gypsum Products • Two main products to form models • Plaster • Stone • Principles for the use of gypsum • Follow standard precautions for infection control when taking impressions and pouring models

  32. 18:11 Making Custom Trays • Impression trays that are made to fit patient’s mouth • Materials used to produce trays • Acrylic resins are self-curing or light-curing • Types of custom trays • Clean and replace all equipment

  33. 18:12 Maintaining and Loading an Anesthetic Aspirating Syringe • Anesthesia is used for pain control • Types of anesthesia • General anesthesia • Analgesia • Local anesthesia • Topical anesthesia

  34. Injections • Two main kinds of injections for used for local anesthesia • Block • Infiltration • Types of medications • Anesthetic carpules (cartridges) • Aspirating syringes • Follow standard precautions

  35. 18:13 Mixing Dental Cements and Bases • Cements and bases used in variety of dental procedures • Terminology • Types of products • Basic principles of mixing cements and bases

  36. 18:14 Preparing Restorative Materials • Restoration: process of replacing a diseased portion of a tooth or a lost tooth by artificial means • May include filling material, crowns, bridge, denture, partial denture, or implant • Dental caries or decay

  37. Amalgam • Restorative material used mostly on posterior teeth • Contains four main metals • Silver • Tin • Copper • Zinc (continues)

  38. Amalgam(continued) • Mercury when added to other metals forms amalgam • Must be handled with care due to toxicity • Use protective clothing • Follow manufacturer’s recommendations

  39. Composite • Restorative material used primarily for the repair of anterior teeth • Self-curing (chemical-curing) • Light-curing • Various shades to blend with teeth • Follow manufacturer’s instructions

  40. 18:15 Developing and MountingDental X-Rays • Dental X-rays or radiographs • Radiolucents • Radiopaque • Types of dental radiographs • Developing films • Mounting X-rays

  41. Summary • The dental assistant acquires many skills • Use of these skills enables the dental assistant to perform or assist with many procedures in the dental care setting • Following procedures the assistant is often responsible for cleaning and care of equipment used

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