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OER Movement in India: Major Initiatives and Challenges

OER Movement in India: Major Initiatives and Challenges. Uma Kanjilal Indira Gandhi National Open University. Status of Education in India. 64.8% literacy Primary Schools- .71 million, Secondary Schools- .26 million, Colleges- 18000, Universities and Institutions of Higher Education- 400

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OER Movement in India: Major Initiatives and Challenges

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  1. OER Movement in India: Major Initiatives and Challenges Uma Kanjilal Indira Gandhi National Open University

  2. Status of Education in India • 64.8% literacy • Primary Schools- .71 million, Secondary Schools- .26 million, Colleges- 18000, Universities and Institutions of Higher Education- 400 • Gross enrolment ratio 90- 100% since 1990- 91 in primary level • Drop out rates as high as 30% in primary level, 50% in upper primary level and 70% in secondary level • Only 10% go beyond higher secondary level of which 7% take general humanities and social sciences, only 1% go for professional education • Gross enrollment ration in higher education is only 10% • Lack of sufficient number of higher education institutions

  3. Democratization of knowledge • Universalisation of elementary education through Sarva Siksha Abhiyaan • Major thrust to Open & distance learning – National Institute of Open Schooling, 15 Open Universities (1 National and 14 State Open Universities) and 140 Distance Education Institutions in conventional universities. At present more than 20%students of higher education in the Country are enrolled in the ODL system • Proposed creation of 1500 universities and institutions of higher learning to attain gross enrollment ratio of at least 15% by 2015 • Emphasis on vocational education and training

  4. Major changes in education scenario in India • globalization and democratization of knowledge • increasing access to Online learning • evolution of Open and Distance Learnng System, Open Educational Resources, OpenCourseWare

  5. Recommendations of National Knowledge Commission (NKC) • The Prime Minister of India in 2005 appointed National Knowledge Commission (NKC) with the intent of building excellence in the educational system to meet the knowledge challenges • NKC recommended use of globally available Open Educational Resources (OER) and Open Access (OA) as a means of radically increasing the widespread availability of high-quality educational resources • Suggested setting up of a National Education Foundation to develop web based common open resources

  6. OA, Open Source and OER Status in India • Active player in the open source software movement, and OA movement - increasing availability of OA electronic journals, OA institutional repositories and open source software-based repositories such as DSpace and EPrints. • 81 scientific journals accessible as OA • Indian Institute of Science of Bangalore, along with Carnegie Mellon University, along with 21 Indian institutions have digitised more than 450,000 books, 220,000 of which are now web accessible • Open Source tools in education- Brihaspati and VMukti

  7. Sakshat under the National Mission on Education through ICT • The Mission envisaged as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme to leverage the potential of ICT, in teaching and learning process for the benefit of all the learners in higher institutions in any time any where mode • It has aims to extend computer infrastructure and connectivity to colleges,universities and institutions of national importance • In the content generation front major efforts are on to develop rich multimedia open educational content under the creative commons license policy • Access to e-books and e-jounals www.sakshat.ac.in www.ignouonline.ac.in/sakshat

  8. Virtual Class

  9. Content Management/ Repository • Uploading of learning objects by registered teachers • Online reviewing • Verification and authentication before final uploading • Metadata for searching and browsing the content uploaded on the content repository A collaborative and constructivist approach to content generation

  10. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) • open courseware initiative by seven Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) • objective of NPTEL program is to enhance the quality of engineering education in the country by developing curriculum based video and web courses • supplementary content for 129 web courses in engineering/science and humanities • 110 courses have been developed in video format, with each course comprising of approximately 40 or more one-hour lectures • Proposed for Virtual Technical University http://www.nptel.iitm.ac.in, http://youtube.com/nptelhrd/

  11. eGyanKosh (e=electronic, gyan= knowledge, kosh= repository) of IGNOU • Collection of more than 30000 covering 95% of the IGNOU SIMs and 1600 videos • Webcasting of Broadcast channels • Wiki for Collaborative content generation http://www.egyankosh.ac.in

  12. LOR Consortium for Educational Communication (CEC) • CEC is an inter-university centre on electronic media underthe University Grants Commission (UGC) • CEC in coordination with its 17 Educational Multimedia Research Centres produces television programmes in various subject categories in English, Hindi and regional languages • A/V programmes are syllabus-based topics taught in schools, polytechnics, colleges and universities • CEC Learning Object Repository (LOR) and the Digital Video Repository (DVR) provides worldwide access to these qualitative learning resources www.cec-lor.edu.in www.cec-lor.edu.in/search.asp www.cec-lor.edu.in/dvr/

  13. Vidyanidhi • a national digital library for electronic theses and dissertations (ETD), initiated by the University of Mysore and supported by the Department of scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), Ford Foundation and Microsoft India • archiving and disseminating doctoral dissertations of researchers submitted in Indian universities. A national level repository, covering major Indian universities http://www.vidyanidhi.org.in http://dspace.vidyanidhi.org.in:8080/dspace

  14. NCERT Online Textbooks • NCERT is an apex resource organization set up by the Government of India to assist and advise the Central and State Governments on academic matters related to school level education • NCERT publishes school textbooks, mainly in English, Hindi and Urdu. • School textbooks are now freely available on the Internet for students and teachers through its website • Most of the textbooks available in this portal are new editions, based on the National Curriculum Framework 2005. http://www.ncert.nic.in/textbooks/

  15. Other Projects • Ekalavya, launched by IIT, Bombay an open education initiative for content development in various Indian languages. Open Source Educational Resources Animation Repository (OSCAR) that provides web-based interactive animations for teachingis part of the project. • Project on curriculum based content to address the information needs of the undergraduate students of science through National Science Digital Library (NSDL) initiative under the aegis of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).

  16. Issues and Challenges • Most of them in nascent stage of development • Mostly not following any standards, • Based on Web 1.0 tools, migration towards Web 2.0 necessary • None of them available under Creative Commons Licences • How to enhance and relate to teaching learning process? • How to cater to heterogeneous group needs?

  17. Thank You ukanjilal@ignou.ac.in

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