Research Presentation

Digital Systems Research Presentation Digital Systems Research Presentation

Based on the STYLE MANUAL Lecture 4p5: HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT This set of slides is made by Mrs. H. Attarzadeh Digital Systems Research Presentation

Outline and Introduction • Abstract • TOC and Table of Figs/Tables • Acknowledgments • Introduction • Body • Ending • Hints on writing style and sentences Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT ABSTRACT • Is the report in miniature. • It is one of the most important element of the paper. • It should be written at last , once you have finished the highlights, conclusions. • It consist of 3 part: objective , methodology , conclusion . Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT ABSTRACT(cont’) • The first sentence should be a reflection of thesis statement. • Objective (the beginning):Why the project carried on . why you did it… • Methodology(the middle part):How you did it . Any method used … • Conclusion(the end):How it turned out . the major conclusion …. Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT ABSTRACT(cont’) • The abstract should not contain any reference ,abbreviation figure, formulae's …. • It should not contain “I” statement. It should be written as if done by someone else. Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT ABSTRACT(cont’) • The abstract should be brief(less than one paragraph for a 30-page report). • Be able to attract the reader attention. • Be as simple as possible. • Be able to stand alone as a as independent unit telling the whole story. Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY VS ABSTRACT • An abstract is placed at the beginning of a technical report ; An executive summary is placed at the beginning of a business report such as proposal or contract paper. • Abstract is meant by an expert audience. The primary reader of summary are executives(manager,…). Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS • It should list everything in your report except the title page ,vita and frontandback end. • All the chapter heading, subheading list of references , bibliography and appendices are also listed. • The heading of this part should exactly match the one used in the main body. Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES • If had used any table or figure you should use 2 separate list for them. • It should contain figure and table that appear in the appendices. • The figure or table caption should mach exactly the one in the main body unless it is more than 2 sentences which will include only one sentence. • The list should not contain the word “Table” or “Figure” with every table number. Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT Acknowledgments • Any financial support, advice or help you received should be mentioned with appropriate thanks. • In the case o f a report these expression would first appear in the lettered of submittal to accompany the report. This letter usually becomes detached so good to include “Thank you!” in the report as well. Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT BODY OF THE WORKS It consists of three parts: • A beginning  introduction • A middle  A description of the work done, the results and the discussion of it. • An ending  the conclusion and recommendation and the summary(if no conclusion can be drawn) Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT BODY OF THE WORKS PARAGRAPH is the single most important element of any piece • There should be only one topic or central idea in each paragraph  Topic sentence • The topic sentence should creates interest in the reader to continue • The length of a paragraph depends on how much space you need to cover the topic • Varying the length of paragraphs produces a lively visual effect • Typically it should not be longer than 10 typewritten lines. Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT BODY OF THE WORKS THE BEGINNING: • Usually a separate chapter entitled “introduction” • It makes rest of the passage understandable to the reader ; Try to answer the questions: • Who-has worked in the field before you • What-has gone prior to your taking up your investigation • When-did things take places • Where-is the centre of expertise • Why-it is important to you and the world • How- did you go about your research Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT BODY OF THE WORKS THE BEGINNING: • A thesis statement should appear as the first sentence of the first paragraph; A thesis statement • The final paragraph contains information about the rest of the document ; For busy executives provides the nice summery of what the main body consists if and may allow them to read just the particular part Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT BODY OF THE WORKS THE MIDDLE: • It is the main and the longest section piece • Consists of the following parts: • Introduction: the purpose of the topic. • A description of what and how you did it. • A description of your result . • A discussion analysis and interpretation of your result. Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT BODY OF THE WORKS THE MIDDLE: • The middle should progress logically to a conclusion. • The middle is broken down to as many section which should start with a broad outline. • This part should contain all the information needed to draw conclusion ,NO NEW MATERIAL IS PERMITTED IN THE ENEDING. Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT BODY OF THE WORKS THE END: • Usually a separate chapter entitled “conclusion(Summary) and recommendation” • Conclusion • Summary • Recommendation Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT BODY OF THE WORKS THE END: • Conclusion • It restates the major interference that you have made in the body, based on information discussed • Summary • Recommendation Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT BODY OF THE WORKS THE END: • Conclusion • Summary • In the case of undergrad report, when no conclusion can be reached, which the first sentence should restate the thesis statement. • Recommendation Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT BODY OF THE WORKS THE END: • Conlusion • Summary • Recommendation • This is included in the ending when your findings indicate that further research should be undertaken. E.X. I recommend that we provide every Macintosh computer in the department with a high quality surge protector Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER BODY OF THE WORKS THE END: • The final paragraph should directly relate to the thesis statement made at the very beginning of the main body. • No NEW material presented here. Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT REFERENCES AND BIBILIOGRAPHY • Used when any fact , idea,… is not common logic or your opinion. • The source of information must be supplied at the time information provided. • The list appears immediately after last chapter and before appendices. • A separate “Case Cited ” is added to the list in the case legal cases are extensively cited. Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT APENDICES • The appendices is where you place computer printout or any extra material not necessary to the argument in the main body. • Each appendices must be numbered using large roman numerical. • The page numbering is continued form the main body through the appendices. • Figures and table in the appendices must be numbered through each appendix. Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT VITA • Include your vita, or biographical sketch, with the thesis. • List all educational institutions attended after graduation from high school and the date you received the undergraduate or graduate degree (or both). • List all or your publications. • Do not number the vita page. Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT SOME HINTS ON STYLE • Tense • Transitional word • Short sentence • Important sentences • Active voice • I vs. we • Positive statement • Definite language • Needless word Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT SOME HINTS ON STYLE • Tense : The tense of your report should be past in most case. The future is used when reader know something takes place in future. The present time is used when like “a user manual” you are guiding though the procedure. • Transitional word • Short sentence • Important sentences • Active voice • I vs. we • Positive statement • Definite language • Needless word Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT SOME HINTS ON STYLE • Tense • Transitional word (sentence): • Transitional word - is used to achieve a smooth flow of idea. E.X, “ therefore ,thus ,moreover …..” • Transitional sentence - use a sentence that summarize the paragraph then move to the next ,or asking a question at the end of the paragraph and answer it in the next. • Short sentence • Important sentences • Active voice • I vs. we • Positive statement • Definite language • Needless word Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT SOME HINTS ON STYLE • Tense • Transitional word (sentence) • Short sentence: • A short sentence have a greater impact. • There should be variety in the length of a paragraph. • Short or very long sentence can convey to a reader a sense of importance. • Important sentences • Active voice • I vs. we • Positive statement • Definite language • Needless word Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT SOME HINTS ON STYLE • Tense • Transitional word (sentence) • Short sentence • Important sentences: • The important part of the sentence come first. • Active voice • I vs. we • Positive statement • Definite language • Needless word Wrong : The space shuttle crashed after 10 days in orbit.(the distress is on the crash) the important thing is that it crashed. who cares how long it survived Right: After 10 days in orbit the space shuttle crashed. Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT SOME HINTS ON STYLE • Tense • Transitional word (sentence) • Short sentence • Important sentences • Active voice: • Sometimes we try to construct your sentence in the active not passive. • It is not always possible(if feasible, the active makes for forcible writing) • I vs. we • Positive statement • Definite language • Needless word The temperature was taken every hours Every hours I measured the temperature. Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT SOME HINTS ON STYLE • Tense • Transitional word (sentence) • Short sentence • Important sentences • Active voice • I vs. we: • Using active voice means using “I” and “we”. • If you were the only person involved use “I” and few “we’s” if group action taken place and if you were in group use “We” and few “I’s” • The use f these verb should be done with caution .Using every sentence with these pronouns make report arrogant and boring. • Positive statement • Definite language • Needless word Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT SOME HINTS ON STYLE • Tense • Transitional word (sentence) • Short sentence • Important sentences • Active voice • I vs. we • Positive statement: • Avoid tame , hesitating … Language. • Definite language • Needless word Negative : He did not have much confidence in the results. Positive: He distributed the results. Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT SOME HINTS ON STYLE • Tense • Transitional word (sentence) • Short sentence • Important sentences • Active voice • I vs. we • Positive statement • Definite language: • Constructs your sentences to be specific rather than general , definite rather than vague. • Needless word Vague: As Well as growing rapidly hot and humid the day was overcast and gloomy Definite: The day was overcast ,hot and humid. Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT SOME HINTS ON STYLE • Tense • Transitional word (sentence) • Short sentence • Important sentences • Active voice • I vs. we • Positive statement • Definite language • Needless word • Be concise. Let every word count. There is no doubt but that (no doubt) As this point in time (now) In the near future (soon) Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT CHECK LIST • Once finishing with the report You should go through the checklist: • Abstract • Does it correspond to the report? • Are the important facts ,results and conclusion thee? • Is all material in the abstract also in the body of report? • Can abstract standalone the contents of the report? • Introduction • Heading and title • Paragraph • Listing and tabulation • Points of view • Figures and tables • References • Conclusion and recommendation • Appendices Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT CHECK LIST • Abstract • Introduction: • Have you adequately explained the purpose of report and identified the basic procedure?? • Is there a good thesis statement that corresponds to the conclusion? • I this contain a paragraph that have an outline for the rest? • Heading and title • Introduction • Heading and title • Paragraph • Listing and tabulation • Points of view • Figures and tables • References • Conclusion and recommendatio • Appendices Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT CHECK LIST • Abstract • Introduction • Heading and title: • Is the report broken into a sufficient number of section that logically proceed to your report? • Does the title clearly explain the contents of your report(not to be too short or long)? • Introduction • Heading and title • Paragraph • Listing and tabulation • Points of view • Figures and tables • References • Conclusion and recommendation • Appendices Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT CHECK LIST • Abstract • Introduction • Heading and title Introduction • Heading and title • Paragraph: • I there only one topic in each paragraph? • Have all one-sentence paragraph eliminated? • Have the paragraph introduction or relating sentence to the next? • Listing and tabulation • Points of view • Figures and tables • References • Conclusion and recommendation • Appendices Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT CHECK LIST • Abstract • Introduction • Heading and title Introduction • Heading and title • Paragraph • Listing and tabulation • Points of view: • Have you used active voice as much as possible and yet kept the “I/we” usage to minimum? • Have you used only one tense in each paragraph? • Figures and tables • References • Conclusion and recommendation • Appendices Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT CHECK LIST • Abstract • Introduction • Heading and title Introduction • Heading and title • Paragraph • Listing and tabulation • Points of view • Figures and tables: • Is each figure and table in separate page? • Are they numbered correctly and clearly labeled and referenced? • Are the figured labeled at the bottom and the tabled at the top? • Have they been adequate described in the text? • References • Conclusion and recommendation • Appendices Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT CHECK LIST • Abstract • Introduction • Heading and title Introduction • Heading and title • Paragraph • Listing and tabulation • Points of view • Figures and tables • References: • Has every idea ,fact ,method ,and word not your own been acknowledged and the source given in the right format both in the text and list of references? • Conclusion and recommendation • Appendices Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT CHECK LIST • Abstract • Introduction • Heading and titleIntroduction • Heading and title • Paragraph • Listing and tabulation • Points of view • Figures and tables • References • Conclusion and recommendation: • Are your conclusion directed to your results? • Are you sure everything stated here has been discussed in the main body? • Have you provided a concluding sentence directly relate to thesis statement? • Appendices Digital Systems Research Presentation

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS OR REPORT CHECK LIST • Abstract • Introduction • Heading and titleIntroduction • Heading and title • Paragraph • Listing and tabulation • Points of view • Figures and tables • References • Conclusion and recommendation: • Appendices • Are appendices necessary and if so is it numbered correctly? Digital Systems Research Presentation

Digital Systems Research Presentation Thank you! Digital Systems Research Presentation

Research Presentation