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The Athletic Heart and Exercise Testing

The Athletic Heart and Exercise Testing. Learning Outcomes. Describe cardiac hypertrophy as a fundamental adaptation to exercise Explain the difference in stroke volume of the heart of an endurance athlete and an untrained individual State protective effects of exercise

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The Athletic Heart and Exercise Testing

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  1. The Athletic Heart and Exercise Testing

  2. Learning Outcomes • Describe cardiac hypertrophy as a fundamental adaptation to exercise • Explain the difference in stroke volume of the heart of an endurance athlete and an untrained individual • State protective effects of exercise • Explain maximal and sub-maximal testing used to measure fitness • Describe stress testing and cardiac patients’ rehabilitation

  3. The Athletic Heart • Training leads to cardiac hypertrophy • Heart increases in size due to increased protein synthesis in the muscle fibres • Individual muscle fibres thicken and there is an increase of contractile elements within each fibre • Bigger muscle=stronger contractions = increased stroke volume

  4. Protective Effects of Exercise • Improves myocardial circulation • Enhances contractile properties of myocardium • Improves blood lipid profile (HDL: LDL) • Lowers heart rate and blood pressure • Decreases body fat • Decreases recovery time

  5. Principles of Exercise Testing • Provides baseline data against which later assessments can be measured. • Form of test depends on the individual and reasons for the test. • Aerobic fitness – body’s ability to use oxygen. Depends on efficiency of cardiovascular and respiratory system.

  6. Maximal Testing • Measures the maximum rate at which the body is able to take up and use oxygen (VO2 Max). • Test requires treadmill, measurable air supply and individual must exercise to exhaustion. • Higher VO2 Max = greater aerobic fitness.

  7. Sub-Maximal Testing • Assumes that: there is a linear relationship between VO2Max, heart rate and intensity of exercise and that an individual’s maximum heart rate = 220 – age in yrs • Extrapolation to predicted Max heart rate • Not as accurate as maximal testing because Heart Rate can be affected by other factors and 220-age may not be accurate for a particular individual

  8. Cardiac Rehabilitation • Supervised aerobic exercise programmes are now recommended. • Exercise stress tests can be used to establish exercise limits and develop a fitness programme for the rehabilitation of cardiac patients.

  9. Typical Exam Question • Discuss the protective effects of exercise and outline how endurance training improves the performance of the heart (15 marks).

  10. Websites • http://www.physsportsmed.com/issues/2002/07_02/puffer.htm • http://www.brianmac.demon.co.uk/vo2max.htm • http://home.hia.no/~stephens/vo2max.htm • http://news.bbc.co.uk/sportacademy/bsp/hi/in_the_gym/html/default.stm • http://scholar.hw.ac.uk • http://www.sport-fitness-advisor.com/VO2max.html

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