Unit 5

1. Unit 5 Georgia’s Colonization

2. Today in Georgia history • http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/

3. Georgia Performance Standards SS8H2 The student will analyze the colonial period of Georgia’s history. a. Explain the importance of James Oglethorpe, the Charter of 1732, reasons for settlement (charity, economics, and defense), Tomochichi, Mary Musgrove, and the city of Savannah. b. Evaluate the Trustee Period of Georgia’s colonial history, emphasizing the role of the Salzburgers, Highland Scots, malcontents, and the Spanish threat from Florida. c. Explain the development of Georgia as a royal colony with regard to land ownership, slavery, government, and the impact of the royal governors.

4. Essential Question What role did James Oglethorpe, Tomochichi, and Mary Musgrove play in the colonizationof Georgia?

5. Who was James Oglethorpe? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUZ_sxjV_Bo

6. James Oglethorpe • One of the founders of GA • negotiated treaties with the Native Americans • made regulations (guideline or rules) about what the colonists could and could not do • entrusted by King George II to manage the colony of Georgia (along with the other trustees)

7. James Oglethorpe • http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/james-oglethorpe-died

8. Monument in Chippewa Square • Faces to symbolize the threat of Spain to the Georgia colony

9. Tomochichi • Chief of the Yamacraw Indians • Allowed Oglethorpe to settle in Yamacraw Bluff • Advised Oglethorpe on matters of Indian affairs and on matters with the Spanish so colony could be successful and safe • Was useful in getting other indian tribes as allies to Oglethorpe

10. Tomochichi • http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/tomochichi

11. Monument located in Wright Square • He is actually buried in the center of the square. • Monument is in one corner of the square

12. Mary Musgrove • Translator for Oglethorpe and Tomochichi • helped the peaceful relationship between Indians and colonists • operated a trading post in Savannah • Musgrove served as Oglethorpe’s personal interpreter from 1733-1743.

13. Mary Musgrove • http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/mary_musgrove

14. James Oglethorpe with Tomochichi and Mary Musgrove

15. Essential Question Why were the charter of 1732 and the city of savannah important to the development of theGA colony?

16. Reasons for Settlement • Charity – to give the English poor a fresh start (This never really happens) • Economics – able to produce products (rice, indigo, wine, and silk that came from silk worms that lived in Mulberry trees.) These goods couldn’t be produced in England. • Defense – GA prevented SC from being attacked by enemies; a military “buffer” colony (#1 reason for starting the colony)

17. Charter of 1732 • http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/georgia-charter-issued-trustees • The colony would be governed by the 20 Trustees and Oglethorpe • Established that all land between Altamaha and Savannah Rivers to the south seas would be GA and established the town of Savannah on Yamacraw Bluff • WHY: 1) protection from Spanish, French, and Native Americans, 2) provide resources for Britain, 3) populate the colony with “worthy poor”

18. Charter of 1732 rules for colony • rules would eventually lead to discontent amongst the colonists. • forbade rum or any “hard liquor” (They could have beer & wine) and slavery • banned liquor dealers, lawyers, and Catholics from the colony • colonists required to defend the colony, grow mulberry trees (why?)

19. Charter of 1732 rules • could not sell their land • land could not be passed down to female heirs • obey all of the Trustees’ rules • There was a prohibition of Jews from settling in GA in original charter, but early on, in 1733 Portuguese Jews arrived and were allowed to settle

20. Jewish settlement • 1733, the ship, William and Sarah, carrying 42 Jews who would go on to found Congregation Mickve Isreal--the third oldest congregation in the United States--arrived at Savannah. • Oglethorpe allowed the passengers to disembark largely because of one of the ship's passengers, Portuguese physician Dr. Samuel Nunez, who, when allowed to disembark and practice medicine, greatly reduced the number of colonist deaths from yellow fever and other ailments. Their previous doc had died.

23. City of Savannah The city of Savannah is Georgia’s first city and former capital • Savannah was Georgia’s capital until 1786 • The city is unique due to the fact that it is one of North America’s first “planned towns,” though no one is quite sure who influenced its plan.

24. Savannah • has played an important social, economic, and political role in the state’s history from its creation in 1733.

27. Essential Question How did the trustee period contribute to the development of the GA colony?

28. Trustee Period • trustees were for the most part religious men and social reformers • wanted to start a colony of self-sufficient yeomen farmers who did not involve themselves in alcohol and slavery. • British government hoped for a colony that could produce agricultural products that Britain was having to import from other countries. (Silk, wine…)This is Mercantilism.

29. Trustee period • Georgia did not prove successful in producing the goods for which it was originally intented. BUT… • It proved to be a successful buffer • Georgia did prove its worth by successfully defending both South Carolina and itself from the Spanish threat from Florida.

30. Trustee period • Trustee period ended one year before the Charter of 1732 was set to expire. In sum, the lofty goals of the trustees never came to pass.

31. Essential Question What role did the Salzburgers, Highland Scots, and malcontents play during the trustee period?

32. Salzburgers & Highland Scots During the Trustee period fascinating groups of people immigrated to Georgia. Two of these groups were the Salzburgers and Highland Scots. Both of these cultures made major contributions to the colony and to the history of Georgia

33. Salzburgers • peaceful and hard working German speaking protestant refugees from present day Austria who left home due to religious persecution • Settled in Ebenezer • Extremely loyal to trustees; anti-slavery • Successful with silk production

35. Highland Scots • brought to Georgia by James Oglethorpe based on their reputation for being some of the best soldiers in the world • Skilled fighters who protected the GA colony • http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/story/scottish_highlanders

36. malcontents • Soon after the first colonists arrived in Georgia they began to voice displeasurewith the rules established by James Oglethorpe and the Trustees. These dissenters became known as the “Malcontents.” • Malcontents had paid their own way to the colony & were not financially obligated to the Trustees.

37. Malcontents • The Malcontents complained about the limits the Trustees placed on land, the right to buy rum, and most importantly, the ban on slavery. • After over 10 years of Malcontent complaints, in 1751, the Trustees ended restrictions on land ownership and legalized slavery; thus forever changing Georgia’s history.

38. Malcontents effect • Their complaints led to the trustee’s to turn the control of the colony back to the king, causing the colony to become a royal colony

39. Essential Question How were the Spanish a threat to the GA colony?

40. Spanish threat from Florida • Spain controlled FL and wanted to control GA • FL was a safe haven for slaves who ran away from the GA colonists • GA colonists feared that Catholicism would spread

41. Essential Question How did the royal colony contribute to the development of GA?

42. Royal Colony • Rules concerning landownership, rum, and slavery were relaxed or ended • Trustee period and the colony of Georgia profoundly changed during the Royal period. • The trustees, frustrated with the lack of economic and social success of the colony, returned the colony to the king; one year before the expiration of the Charter of 1732.

43. Royal colony • Colony was able to develop b/c colonists could have larger plots of land. • The larger plots of land allowed for more crops. • More crops led to more money.

44. Government • Self-government

45. Slavery • Slavery allowed for the colonists to get larger plots of land and make more profits

46. Essential Question What impact did the royal governors have on the colony?

47. 1st Royal Governor John Reynolds • At first, warmly welcomed by GA colonists • a new charter established that allowed for an assembly, a court system, and elected officers for the first time. • Ended up having problems with colonists and Native Americans and was recalled by king

48. 2nd Royal Governor Henry Ellis • credited for bringing self-government to Georgia • divided GA into eight parishes (later counties) as well as working to keep the Creek Indians neutral during a war with Cherokee. • Left due to ill health

49. 3rd Royal Governor James Wright • Remembered for expanding GA by encouraging settlement into the state by other North American colonists & gaining land due to 2 Indian land cessions

50. Arrest Warrant for Governor Wright • He delayed rebellious activity in Georgia. Yet he could not stop the growing dissatisfaction with colonial rule. In January 1776, a group of patriots led by Joseph Habersham issued an arrest warrant for Governor Wright and briefly took him prisoner. Within a month, Wright broke his parole and fled Savannah for London on the British Navy man-of-war, the HMS Scarborough.