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American Independence

“The Spirit of Liberty spread where it was not intended to go.” - Thomas Hutchinson. American Independence. You say you want a Revolution ( Why?). Underlying Causes: Cultural Constitutional Economic. A. Cultural. Enlightenment First Great Awakening French and Indian War.

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American Independence

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  1. “The Spirit of Liberty spread where it was not intended to go.”- Thomas Hutchinson American Independence

  2. You say you want a Revolution(Why?) Underlying Causes: Cultural Constitutional Economic

  3. A. Cultural Enlightenment First Great Awakening French and Indian War

  4. B. Constitutional Split • British Parliament v. colonial legislaturesBrit: “conveniences” Am: “compacts” Illusion of independence

  5. C. Economic • Mercantilism v. laissez faire Navigation Acts (1664)Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations 2. Cross class boundaries“liberty”

  6. Liberty or death (or something in between) Precipitating causes

  7. A. New taxes • External – Sugar Act, 1764 • Internal – Stamp Act, 1765 Virtual v. Direct Representation

  8. B. Insurgency 1. Sons of Liberty Sam Adams – brewer, patriot

  9. 2. Dangerous precedents 1766 – British blink Stamp Act repealed Declaratory Act

  10. B. Bad to worse • 1767 – Townshend Actsimported goods • Boycotts, “homespun”Boston Massacre, 1770 • 1770, Townshend Acts repealed…

  11. 4…except on tea 1773 – Tea Act

  12. C. Worst fears realized • Cato’s Letters (1720s) Trenchard & Gordon- all govt. corrupt - appealed to colonists (Enlightenment, Awakening)

  13. 2. 1774 – Coercive (“Intolerable”) Actsshut down Boston suspend Mass. Local govt. Quartered British troops 3. 1774 – Quebec ActCatholicism legalized Canada gets colonial claims

  14. Give me liberty or give me death!- Patrick Henry, March 1775

  15. III. Whose Revolution Was It?

  16. 50% of colonists were women 20% slaves 5% loyalists (tories) 5-10% Native Americans Extensive and Intensive Revolution

  17. A. Extensive Revolution Continental Congress 1st, 1774 Articles of Confederation 1777-1788 United States Constitution 1788-present

  18. B. Intensive Revolution “The Spirit of Liberty spread where it was not intended to go.” • Idea bigger than the practiceRights of Englishmen Natural Rights

  19. 2. 1776 – Declaration of Independencegovt. based on Natural Law people have Natural Rights right to revolution 3. 1776 – Thomas Paine Common Sense

  20. C. Manipulating resentment • Economic / political inequalityplanters, River Gods, Old Lights 2. “Liberty” first, “equality” second

  21. D. Decline in deference • “New men” • State constitutionsPennsylvania St. Const., 1776 3. Attack on propertystay laws

  22. 4. Republican Motherhood - Abigail Adams Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies we are determined to foment a Rebellion and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice or Representation.

  23. Conclusion American revolution not as radical as some • Liberty v. equality Articles of Confederation - National govt. purposefully weak

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