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Meditation. James A. Van Slyke. Different Forms of Meditation ( Theravada ). Calm Meditation Begin by focusing on one’s breath Become more aware of the present moment Development of mindfulness Pure Insight Meditation Gaining knowledge about religious or psychological truths
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Meditation James A. Van Slyke
Different Forms of Meditation (Theravada) • Calm Meditation • Begin by focusing on one’s breath • Become more aware of the present moment • Development of mindfulness • Pure Insight Meditation • Gaining knowledge about religious or psychological truths • Usually received as a “flash of insight”
Different Forms of Meditation (Theravada) • Mindfulness • Nonjudgmental awareness of reality involving changes in attention and comprehension • Five Hindrances to Meditation • Sensual desire • Ill-will (aversion to task) • Sloth or laziness • Worry or doubt • Fear of Commitment
Different Forms of Meditation (Theravada) • Jhanas • States of consciousness when one experiences peace • Occurs once hindrances are overcome • Distinction between subject and object disappear • Feeling of connection and enlightenment
Mindfulness (Nelson 2009) • Awareness and attentiveness to the present moment • Guard the mind; foundational for moral development • Mental constraint to avoid cravings • Allow for deeper levels of meditation • Entrance into a contemplative state • Between concentration and daydreaming • Control over attention • Balances thought and emotion
Zen Buddhism (Mahayana) • All persons can reach enlightenment • Normal experience is automatic; not authentic • Try to break egocentric views • Three pillars of Zen • Private meeting with a master • Sitting meditation • Listening to a lecture or teaching story
Zen Buddhism (Mahayana) • Meditation • Training in posture • Focus on breathing techniques • Meditation opens mind to the enlightenment already within (our Buddha nature) • Focused attention • Experience of oneness • Altered sense of time • Meditation clears mind of its attachments
Andrew Newberg • University of Pennsylvania • Medical Doctor • Neuropsychologist/Neuroscientist • Investigates neural correlates of religious experience • “Neurotheology” • Meditation, Prayer, Glossolalia