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METHODS AND GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSING AFFORESTATION AND REFORESTATION PROJECTS UNDER CDM

METHODS AND GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSING AFFORESTATION AND REFORESTATION PROJECTS UNDER CDM. Indu K. Murthy Indian Institute of Science. Objectives. Explore the feasibility of afforestation and reforestation as potential CDM activity

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METHODS AND GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSING AFFORESTATION AND REFORESTATION PROJECTS UNDER CDM

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  1. METHODS AND GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSING AFFORESTATION AND REFORESTATION PROJECTS UNDER CDM Indu K. Murthy Indian Institute of Science

  2. Objectives • Explore the feasibility of afforestation and reforestation as potential CDM activity • Adopt the guideline prepared by the Executive Board (EB) for energy and other Non-LULUCF sector activities – for forestry sector project activities • Conduct a case study in Adilabad, Andhra Pradesh • Develop a baseline • Identify potential CDM activities

  3. Guidelines • The CDM guideline outlines the following steps • Description of project area and activities • Baseline methodology • Calculation of GHG/CO2 emissions (and removal by sinks) • Monitoring methodology • Environmental impacts

  4. Description of Project Area • Land use/forest/vegetation categories in the region • The study region- district/forest division

  5. Proposed CDM Activities

  6. Purpose of Activity Environmental – GHG relevant • Revegetate degraded forests and non-forest lands through reforestation and afforestation • Sequester carbon in vegetation and soil Environmental – Non-GHG related • Protection of watersheds • Promotion of biodiversity Socio-Economic • Enhance the biomass production and supply (FW, poles and timber to local communities • Enhance production and access to NTFPs • Create employment to local communities • Build local institutions and strengthen their capacity

  7. Technical Description of Project Activities

  8. Compatibility with Sustainable Development Goals • A&R programs are part of forest development in the district • Increased participation of local communities • JFM (CFM program) – ongoing • Will adopt guidelines of this program • Socio-economic development of forest-dependent communities through increased • Biomass supply • NTFP supply

  9. Baseline Development and Methodology • Types of Baseline • Project-Specific • Regional • Multiproject C stocks – Measured in the Baseline

  10. GHGs to be Monitored • Within the project boundary the GHG to be monitored is; • Carbon dioxide • Dominant GHG in A&R activities • A&R activities involve removal of carbon dioxide from atmosphere and fixing it in vegetation and soil

  11. Land Categories and Features

  12. Methods

  13. C Stocks in Baseline and CDM Scenarios

  14. Costs & Potential CER Income from Natural Regeneration & Plantations • Natural regeneration costs – Behrunguda • Plantation cost – AP FD • CER units for forest carbon estimates are Rs. 500/MtC/yr ($10) • Current prices lower

  15. Transaction Cost For One Time Assessment Per Village

  16. CDM Project Activities • Land category • Extent (in ha) to be covered • Phasing • Type of afforestation/ reforestation • Natural regeneration / planting • Silvicultural practices • Rotation period

  17. Methods of Projecting C Stock Changes & Operational Life of the Project • Biomass growth models • COMAP • CO2FIX • Actual measurements from similar projects implemented in the region • Operational life of the project - Crediting period: 2002-2012 • Rotation period varies for each project activity • Secondary forest regeneration – no logging of timber (NTFP & FW extraction permitted) • Teak: Long rotation – Over 30 years • Eucalyptus: Short rotation ~ 10 years • Mango: Long rotation – NTFP yield

  18. Monitoring Methodology & Institutional Arrangements

  19. Environmental & Socio-Economic Impacts – Issues, Parameters & Methods

  20. Observations on Use of Guidelines Developed for Non-LULUCF Projects • Standard field ecological methods and forest mensuration techniques can easily be applied • Forest carbon pools • AGB • BGB; ratio of AGB/BGB • Litter (marginal); field measurements & literature • Soil C • Non-GHG benefits • Biodiversity, ground water, NTFP availability can be measured • Employment generated & income flows can be estimated • Participatory monitoring is feasible & desirable for some parameters • Compatibility with sustainable development goals can easily be demonstrated • Transaction cost of estimating baseline is significant but not very high

  21. Issues • Size and type of projects • Project boundary – needs to be clearly defined to facilitate accurate accounting & verification • C pools to be monitored & credited • Soil pools large, high spatial variability, low annual increase • Uncertainty in measurement of carbon stocks is not addressed • Non-permanence • Leakage – important • For certain types of forestry projects although not for A&R projects SBSTA & IPCC are developing Guidelines, Methods & Models to address these Issues

  22. Acknowledgements • Ministry of Environment and CES • Community Forestry International THANK YOU

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