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Solutions and pH

Solutions and pH. What is a Mixture?. A mixture is a material compound Mixtures are made of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined Example: Earth’s atmosphere is a mixture of gases.

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Solutions and pH

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  1. Solutions and pH

  2. What is a Mixture? • A mixture is a material compound • Mixtures are made of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined • Example: Earth’s atmosphere is a mixture of gases

  3. A homogeneous mixture is a mixture that is uniform (the same) in composition throughout. • Example: Food coloring and water • A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that is not uniform (the same) throughout • Example: Oil and Water

  4. 3 Types of Mixtures • Solution – a homogeneous mixture • Suspension – a mixture in which the particles are so large that they settle out unless the mixture in constantly stirred • Example: Sand in Water • Colloid – a mixture consisting of particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and those in suspensions • Example: Milk

  5. What makes up a solution? • Solvent – the substance that does the dissolving in a solution • Typically present in the greatest quantity • Typically a liquid • Water is the “universal solvent” • Solute – the substance that is being dissolved in a solution • Typically present in the least amount • Typically a solid (can be a liquid)

  6. Acids, Bases, and pH

  7. pH Scale • The pH scale indicates the concentration of H+ ions in a solution • The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 • A pH of 7 is considered to be neutral • Water has a pH of 7 • pH values below 7 are considered to be acidic • pH values above 7 are considered to be basic

  8. What are acids? • An acid is any compound that forms H+ ions when in solution. • Acidic solutions have higher concentrations of H+ ions than pure water • pH < 7 • The strongest acids have a pH between 1 and 3, 1 being the strongest acid • Example: Hydrochloric acid produced by the stomach

  9. What are bases? • A base is a compound that produces OH- ions when in a solution. • Solutions that are basic have less H+ ions that pure water • pH > 7 • Strong bases have a pH between 11-14, with 14 being the strongest

  10. How is pH maintained in the human body? • The human body has a pH between 6.5-7.5 • This pH must be maintained or chemical reactions that take place in the cells may not occur • Buffers are weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to maintain a relatively steady pH • Buffers help keep human blood at a pH of roughly 7

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