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Solutions and pH

Solutions and pH. Solutions. Mixtures – a combination of substances that retain their original properties Ex. trail mix, air, salt water. Solutions. Solution – mixture of one or more substances uniformly distributed in another substance . Can be solid, liquid, gas ex. Plasma (liquid)

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Solutions and pH

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  1. Solutions and pH

  2. Solutions Mixtures – a combination of substances that retain their original properties Ex. trail mix, air, salt water

  3. Solutions Solution – mixture of one or more substances uniformly distributed in another substance. Can be solid, liquid, gas ex. Plasma (liquid) brass (solid) copper and zinc soda (liquid/gas) water and CO2

  4. Solutions 2 parts: 1. Solute – substance being dissolved 2. Solvent- substance doing dissolving Salt water: salt = solute water = solvent Aqueous solutions- water is the solvent due to hydrogen bonding Water = universal solvent because it can dissolve most things

  5. Concentration Concentration- amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of solution When no more solute can be dissolved….solution is SATURATED Salt will no longer dissolve 

  6. Acids & Bases The Homeostasis of living things depends on the degree of acidity (acid) and alkalinity (base) in certain areas

  7. Water • Acids and bases are solutions made by the dissociation of water • Water naturally breaks down into ions of opposite charges, this is called dissociation. • Water will form these ions naturally (H3O+ & OH-) and in EQUAL amounts. H2O  H+ + OH- This is why water is NEUTRAL! Hydronium (H3O+) ions = hydroxide (OH- ) ions

  8. Acids & Bases Acidity= measure of the amount of Hydronium (H3O+) ions dissolved in a solution. Alkalinity (AKA basic solution)= measure of the amount of hydroxide (OH- ) ions dissolves in a solution

  9. Acids - more H+ ions released • pH < 7 • Sour taste • Corrosive on metals • Burns skin • Ex. Orange juice, • vinegar, sulfuric acid *Homeostasis relevance- your stomach must have a certain acidity to function properly

  10. Bases -more OH- ions released • pH > 7 • Tastes bitter • Slippery • Irritate the skin • Ex. NaOH • Homeostasis relevance- your small intestine needs a certain alkalinity (basic) to function properly

  11. Used to measure the amounts of H3O+ and OH- ions in a solution Tells you how acidic or basic something is Ranges 0-14, 7 = neutral above 7 = base below 7 = acid Ten fold system Measure pH with litmus paper pH Scale

  12. Buffers Buffers- chemical substances that neutralize small amounts of acids and bases Ex. Acids { stomach acid & urine Ex. Bases { blood & intestinal fluid • If not at the proper pH level, these body systems will not function properly and… you’ll need to use a Buffer ex. Alka seltzer

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