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From Film to the Internet: 35 years of cartographic animation

From Film to the Internet: 35 years of cartographic animation. Michael Peterson Geography - University of Nebraska Omaha. Personal Landmarks. 1975 - Super 8 Film animation 1986 - Interactive animation with Macintosh Types of animation 1995 - Interactive and Animated Cartography book

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From Film to the Internet: 35 years of cartographic animation

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  1. From Film to the Internet: 35 years of cartographic animation • Michael Peterson • Geography - University of Nebraska Omaha

  2. Personal Landmarks • 1975 - Super 8 Film animation • 1986 - Interactive animation with Macintosh • Types of animation • 1995 - Interactive and Animated Cartography book • 1996 - Movie animations. Animation with sound. • 2003-2007 - Flight animations • 2011 - Thoughts about interaction and animation

  3. History of Cartographic Animation • Conjecture about first map animated map • Maps in stone/paper for most of modern human existence Level of map interaction/ animation Ice age of cartography Time 2500 BC 1980-1990

  4. 1939 Cartographic Animation Disney German invasion of Warsaw, Poland

  5. My Personal Journey • 1972-1976 University of Wisconsin-River Falls, BA • Film animation with Super 8 • 1976-1978 Boston University, MA • Programming in Fortran • 1978-1981 State University of New York at Buffalo, Ph.D. • More programming in Fortran / Pascal • 1981-1982 University of Zürich, Switzerland, Post-Doc

  6. Super 8 - 1975

  7. MacChoro 1985-1991 • Macintosh program for Choropleth mapping • Purchased 512KB, “Big Mac” in 1985 for $2,500 • Ported a choropleth mapping program from a DEC VAX computer • Program written in Fortran • Many late hours: • Adapting to event-driven computing • menus and dialogs

  8. 1985 Big Mac • 512 KB of memory • 400 KB floppy-drive

  9. Display • Bit-map (pixels either on or off), no color 512 pixels 342 pixels

  10. How MacChoro worked • Polygon-based map file • Spreadsheet-type data file • Map update done logically by class interval rather than alphabetically • 16 shadings, up to 16 classes • Six different methods of data classification - Equal Interval, Quantile, Standard Deviation, Natural Breaks, Unclassed*, User-Defined

  11. User Interface • Map Elements • Map, Title, Legend, Neatline, Text1, Text2 • User-defined bounding box to define size of each element • User input with dialogs and mouse

  12. MacChoro Map

  13. Generalization Animation

  14. Temporal Animation

  15. Classification Animation

  16. Trend Animation

  17. Map Storage/Comparison

  18. Movie Editing Programs • 1993 - Adobe Premiere • Frame-based animation • With individual maps created with MacChoro • 1995 - Story maps concept

  19. Generalization Animation • Percent of births to mothers under 20 years of age; 2 to 7 classes

  20. Temporal Animation • Nebraska Growth in Irrigation by County

  21. Classification Animation • Different methods of data classification

  22. Spatial Trend • Age of Population by Percent, Omaha, Nebraska, by census tract

  23. Interactive and Animated Cartography 1995 - Prentice-Hall

  24. Story Maps • University of Hawaii - 1995 Adobe Premiere

  25. Motown Maps

  26. Internet Phase - Javascript // TASK: PRELOADING AND RENAMING IMAGES (SEE THE EXPLANATION ABOVE){picker_n = new Image(200,200);picker_n.src = "picker.gif";red_n = new Image(200,200);red_n.src = "red.gif";blue_n = new Image(200,200);blue_n.src = "blue.gif";yellow_n = new Image(200,200);yellow_n.src = "yellow.gif"; • 1997 --> Mouseover

  27. Internet Phase • Interactive animation with Javascript - Mouseover - 1997

  28. Flight Atlas Project • 2002-2006 • Interest in Frequently Updated Maps (FUMs) • Internet Frequently Updated Maps (IFUMs) • In cooperation with FlyteComm, Inc.

  29. Überblick ANIMATED ATLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING • Background on Flight Tracking • Canada and the USA • Data from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is made available to venture capital companies that attempt to provide services with this data • FlyteTrax program from FlyteComm

  30. Überblick ANIMATED ATLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING Herndon, Virginia (near Washington D.C.)

  31. Überblick ANIMATED ATLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING Average: 3415; High: 5300; Low: 800

  32. Überblick ANIMATED ATLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING ASDI (Aircraft Situation Display to Industry) •  Data made public in 1995 • Flight Movement Messages transmitted from the aircraft every minute near airports; every 4 minutes in mid-flight • Since 1998, due to security, transmission of data is delayed by 5-10 minutes

  33. Überblick ANIMATED ATLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING FlightTrax 2002 - Windows-based program for displaying the geographic location of aircraft - Program connects to the FlyteComm server through the Internet and receives the current database of air traffic activity - Updates locations every minute - FlyteTrax receives a radar position report on each aircraft once every 4 minutes when the are in the ARTCC airspace - Most minute-by-minute positions based on dead reckoning using the last radar position report, the established ground speed at that position report, and the direction established by the prior two position reports Adobe Photoshop

  34. ANIMATED ATLAS

  35. Überblick ANIMATED ATLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING

  36. Überblick ANIMATED ATLAS Air Traffic over North America AIR TRAFFIC ANIMATION 1500 MB Displays current flight traffic by minute FlyteTrax 2002 CaptureEze Pro + Script Collection of single pics (1440 min/day) Adobe Photoshop + batch script Automatic enhancement of pictures Adobe Premiere + batch script Construction of an analog clock Virtual Dub DivX compression 7 MB – 15 MB

  37. Überblick ANIMATED ATLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING PATTERNS Adobe Photoshop

  38. 39

  39. Time Number of flights 40

  40. Überblick ANIMATED ATLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING PATTERNS Adobe Photoshop

  41. 42

  42. 43

  43. Überblick ANIMATED ATLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING PATTERNS Adobe Photoshop

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  45. Überblick ANIMATED ATLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING PATTERNS Adobe Photoshop

  46. United Airlines - night traffic from west to east 48

  47. Überblick ANIMATED ATLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING PATTERNS Adobe Photoshop

  48. Bombardier CR-J 50

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