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Introduction to Microbiology

Introduction to Microbiology. Anas Abu - Humaidan M.D. Ph.D. Revision. 1) Which of the following combinations is false ? Viroids : infect plant cells. Archea : are prokaryotes. Prions: are misfolded proteins. Bacteriophages : infect eukaryotes.

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Introduction to Microbiology

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  1. Introduction to Microbiology Anas Abu-Humaidan M.D. Ph.D. Revision

  2. 1) Which of the following combinations is false? • Viroids: infect plant cells. • Archea: are prokaryotes. • Prions: are misfolded proteins. • Bacteriophages: infect eukaryotes.

  3. 2) Which of the following can be found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes? a) A nuclear membrane. b) Ribosomes. c) Nucleolus. d) Mitochondria.

  4. The following graphs (1) and (2) represent data related to the growth of bacteria X in batch culture. • 3) Which of the following is true? • Optical density can be measured using a spectrophotometer. • Optical density is not affected by the presence of dead cells. • In graph (2), bacteria X is in the lag phase.

  5. The following graphs (1) and (2) represent data related to the growth of bacteria X in batch culture. 4) If the optical density of bacteria X was measured and found to be 0.4. How long will it take to get an optical density between 0.6 and 0.8? a) 15 mins b) 30 mins c) 60 mins

  6. 5) Which of the following is least likely to kill bacterial spores? • Autoclaving at 121 °C (249 °F) for around 15–20 minutes. • hydrogen peroxide in vapor form • Alcohol • Chlorine

  7. 5) Which of the following is least likely to kill bacterial spores? • Autoclaving at 121 °C (249 °F) for around 15–20 minutes. • hydrogen peroxide in vapor form • Alcohol • Chlorine

  8. 6) Which of the following is true regarding bacterial fermentation? • Generates more ATP per glucose molecule than aerobic respiration. • Requires the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor such as nitrate. • Does not require the action of the electron transport chain for ATP generation.

  9. 7) Which of the following is true regarding operons? a) Operons are rarely found in prokaryotes, and often found in eukaryotes. b) Its uncommon for operons to code for proteins involved in a single metabolic pathway. c) Operons are a group of genes under the control of a single promoter.

  10. 8) When a naked DNA (not covered with a capsid) is internalized into the bacterial cell and incorporated into the chromosomal DNA, the process is referred to as: • Transcription • Transformation • Conjugation

  11. 9) Which of the following is not considered a useful criterion for classifying bacteria? • Gram stain reactivity (positive or negative) • Bacterial morphology. • Plasmid size.

  12. Key: 1- d 2- b 3- a 4- b 5- c 6- c 7- c 8- b 9- c

  13. Summary of non-specific host-defense mechanisms ( barriers of innate immunity )

  14. Adaptive immunity: T-cell and B-cell activation and function. 

  15. Major functions of human immunoglobulins (Ig) / antibodies

  16. Overview of the defining features of innate and adaptive immunity 

  17. Types of hypersensitivity reactions

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