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Mobile TV: Convergence for Users on the Move

Explore how mobile TV services are adapting to meet the needs of users who are constantly on the move. Discover the benefits of convergence between TV and telecom industries and the different scenarios in which mobile TV can be utilized.

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Mobile TV: Convergence for Users on the Move

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  1. Fundació Barcelona Media Universitat Pompeu Fabra How good Mobile TV needs to be?

  2. Convergence is on the agenda to serve users on the move TV and telco : friends or foes?

  3. Specially in mobile content “less is more”

  4. Helga Schmidt in BerlinThe "broadcast driven" scenario • The scenario illustrates a day in the life a of young urban woman who uses a pocketable TV setwith an integrated handset, as a basic device for infotainment and to facilitate her urban lifestyle. The services areoffered over a broadcast portal, mainly free-to-air access, on a public service basis. • The services • Reception of standard TV • all-round regional news and information service • re-purposing existing TV, radio, online, teletext content • personalisation options, alerts • links to relevant web pages • pushed and pulled video and/or audio content • interactive voting and forums • saving broadcast content to terminal •  The terminal is a light-weight pocketable TV set

  5. John Doe in BritannyThe "telco driven" scenario • The scenario illustrates the beginning of a working day of a white-collar commuter who organises his day when travelling to his job by train. In the morning and during his journey JD uses a dedicated state-of-the-art handset, to enjoy mobile TV channels and video sport events he has been alerted of. Infotainment paid services are the main components of John Doe scenario. • Services : • Personalised Electronic Service Guide • Pushed (group) alerts, • including enriched alerts – e.g. on-event one-click video access • Mobile TV • Mobile portal and P2P services access • Global/group downloads • Terminal is a TV enhanced handset

  6. Maria Da Silva in Brazil"service driven" scenario • The scenario illustrates a day in the life of a low-income single woman with a seven-year-old son. She is working and studying to improve her living conditions. During the day Maria uses alternatively a portable TV set and a mobile handset to access INSTINCT services, at home, in her neighborhood, or when commuting. Using a local connection she transfers dedicated contents received on her TV set to her handset, in order to use it later during her spare time, when she is on the move. • Main services are : • Distance-education (e-classes) including selecting content and bookmarking items • Access to portals, and selecting of content – • Some of it can be transferred to cell phone to be watched later • Reception of alerts • Participation in surveys and vote • Sending / receiving E-mails • E-commerce (E-banking, ordering of tickets, …) • Terminal(s) is portable TV set linked with • and a mobile handset

  7. Instinct: Phases

  8. Are these standards suitable for mobile TV acceptability evaluation? • The effect of using a particular sample with specific characteristics as we consider being the case for the user group for INSTINCT services. • The duration of the videos and audio samples is 10 second, “it is not clear that 10 seconds video sequence is long enough to experience the types of degradations common to multimedia communication” • The effect of the context of usage of the system • The standards do not contemplate the circumstances in which the quality of the video is quite poor • These standards recommend a 5-point scale to gather user responses vs. a continue not intrusive response • Need a more sophisticated statistical analysis to find threshold for acceptance

  9. Psychophysics approach • Introduced for the first time by McCarthy, Sasse and Miras (2004)  they concluded that the rule “high motion = high frame rate” does not apply to small screens for sport content. • Their claim was that a new method to elicit continuous ratings of quality with minimal effort on the users part was needed. • This method is based on gradually increasing and decreasing video quality within a single clip to identify the threshold level at which quality becomes acceptable or unacceptable to these users. • -    - It is easy for users to understand • -   - It is less disruptive to the user than other continues rating techniques (like slides) • -   - It can be used with variable video quality • - It is more relevant to service providers” (since it will allow to test the variability that would be found in real networks)

  10. Experimental design • The clips users watched were 210 seconds in length and the quality was increased or decreased in discrete steps every 30 seconds. Users were not aware of this quality structure, the authors simply told them they would be watching films that “varied in quality” • The variables were: • - Compression bit rate: • - high-compression bit rate [MPEG4] • - low-compression bit rate [MPEG2] • -  Video Content: sport, news and video clips • - Video Quality: • -MPEG4 sequences’ values: 0.45-0.8-1.15-1.45 Mbps • -MPEG2 sequences:1.45-1.15-0.8-0.45 Mbps • This binary acceptability ratings (e.g. 1= acceptable, 0= unacceptable) were transformed to a ratio measure by calculating the proportion of time during each 30 second period that quality was rated as acceptable

  11. Small screen (160x128) high- compression bit rate, 12.5 ips Medium screen (352x288) low- compression bit rate , 25 ips INCREASING QUALITY INCREASING QUALITY Clip A_MPEG4_100-175-250-325 Kbps Clip A_MPEG2_0.45-0.8-1.15-1.45 Mbps Clip B_MPEG4_100-175-250-325 Kbps Clip B_MPEG1_0.45-0.8-1.15-1.45 Mbps Clip C_MPEG4_100-175-250-325 Kbps Clip C_MPEG2_0.45-0.8-1.15-1.45 Mbps DECREASING QUALITY DECREASING QUALITY Clip A_MPEG4_325-250-175 100-Kbps Clip A_MPEG2_1.45-1.15 0.8-0.45 Mbps Clip B_MPEG4_325-250-175 100-Kbps Clip B_MPEG2_1.45-1.15 0.8-0.45 Mbps Clip C_MPEG4_325-250-175 100-Kbps Clip C_MPEG2_1.45-1.15 0.8-0.45 Mbps Experimental design

  12. User sample description Screening criteria for participants in the study Young users but not teens Age: 25-35. Participants older than 20 years old would be accepted if they are living independently and mach all the other criteria. White collar Use IT (i.e. PC or laptop) to perform their work and/or their personal lives Spend a lot of time in transit: trains, car, airports, etc. Commute for more than 30 minutes Have to travel for work at least once a month Very experienced in email and Web usage (chats, news, games, download of video clips, etc.) Use email for business and leisure purposes Almost daily usage of email. Download videos and/or software over the Internet at least 2 times a month Very experienced in reach multimedia usage (TV, video and audio streams) Watch TV and/or movies at least 2 times a month Watch streaming video and/or listen to streaming audio over the web at least 2 times a month Mobile technology users Have used a mobile phone for at least one year Use of a PDA or any mass memory system (e.g. iPod) is a plus Need to organise or conduct group activities while travelling (conference calls, plan social events, etc.) Additional criteria, nice to have but do not exclude participants from the study User sample (32 participants)

  13. Analysis • We performed a two repeated measures ANOVA with the following variables: • ANOVA among high-compression bit rate conditions • Gradient of quality, with two values, increasing and decreasing quality. • Contents, with three values, Clip A (music), Clip B (football), and Clip C (news) • Quality, with 4 levels: 0.45-0.8-1.15-1.45 Mbps • ANOVA among low-compression bit rate conditions • Gradient of quality, with two values, increasing and decreasing quality. • Contents, with three values, Clip A (music), Clip B (football), and Clip C (news) • Quality, with 4 levels: 0.45-0.8-1.15-1.45 Mbps

  14. Summary of the data • With mobile TV: • We found that it is not possible to have a “one size fits all” for the quality of video in which content should be presented to users for mobile TV services, because of dependencies on the content. • Special attention should be paid to the transmission of news content, and specifically to the transmission of the text part of the video were the main problem with this video seems to be. • We found that users do not like the content when it was just re-purpose for a small screen.

  15. ESCOLA POLITÉCNICA UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO INSTINCT Participants

  16. Back-up slides

  17. Escenario ilustrado John switches to TV programme and enjoys the news with multimedia enrichment: an URL linking to additional Web pages related to the ongoing news.

  18. The convergence experience: INSTINCT project

  19. Demo at IBC: cross services

  20. Users in the driving seat • At present, content creation is focus on the technologies that deliver the content • Problems with this approach: • Do not understand users’ experience with the content • Accessibility problems • Cognitive accessibility • Mismatching between content and context • Better quality does not always correspond with user acceptance • Example of mobile scalable video content study • Alternative: • User Centered Content Creation

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