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Golden Age of Athens

Golden Age of Athens. 1. Architecture. Three architectural orders Doric Ionic Corinthian Seeking harmony and balance Great influence in later architectural forms: Renaissance, Greek Revival (Neoclassic). 1. Architecture: Doric order. 1. Architecture: Doric order.

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Golden Age of Athens

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  1. Golden Age of Athens

  2. 1. Architecture • Three architectural orders • Doric • Ionic • Corinthian • Seeking harmony and balance • Great influence in later architectural forms: Renaissance, Greek Revival (Neoclassic)

  3. 1. Architecture: Doric order

  4. 1. Architecture: Doric order

  5. 1. Architecture: Doric order Summary of features: • Simple capitols • Wide, solid columns • Divided frieze (into metopes and triglyphs)

  6. 2. Architecture: Ionic order

  7. 2. Architecture: Ionic order

  8. 2. Architecture: Ionic order • Summary of features: • More slender columns • Capitol in the shape of a volute • Undivided frieze

  9. 3. Architecture: Corinthian order

  10. 3. Architecture: Corinthian order

  11. 3. Architecture: Corinthian order • Summary of features: • Acanthus leaves in capitol • Undivided frieze

  12. Which is which? Ionic Corinthian Doric

  13. Harmony vs. dynamism

  14. American Neoclassical Architecture

  15. 4. Athens and the Acropolis • Athens reemerges from the Persian wars as a ruling power. • The treasury of the Delian league is transferred to Athens. • Pericles starts the reconstruction of the Acropolis (430-420 BCE).

  16. 4. The Acropolis today

  17. 4. The Acropolis (reconstruction)

  18. 5. The Propylea

  19. 6. Temple of Athena Nike

  20. 7. Statue of Athena Promachos

  21. 7. The Erechtheion Porch of the Maidens

  22. 8. The Parthenon

  23. 8. The Parthenon

  24. 9. Statue of AnthenaParthenos

  25. 10. Parthenon: Pediment Athena and Poseidon fighting to become the protectors of Athens. Birth of Athena (from Zeus’ head)

  26. 10. Parthenon: Pediment

  27. 10. Metopes

  28. 11. Parthenon: Frieze • Pediment • Metopes • Frieze of the cella (inside the colonnade)

  29. 11. Parthenon: Frieze (Panathenaic procession)

  30. 11. Parthenon: Frieze (Panathenaic procession)

  31. 12. The Parthenon’s significance • Public building project • Athena as protector of Athens • Political ideology regarding the barbaroi : iconography • Political ideology: Panathenaic festival and the community: civic pride/identity • Artistic arete : best architects (Ictinus, Callicrates and Mnesicles) and sculptor (Phidias)

  32. 13. Sculpture Archaic Style (6th century) Severe Style (early 5th century) High Classical Style (5th century) Fourth Century Style (4th century) Hellenistic (3rd- 2nd centuries)

  33. 13. Archaic Style (6th century)

  34. 13. Archaic Style (6th century) • Rigidity • Frontality • Symmetry • Egyptian influence • Interest in human body • No motion • Archaic smile • Kouros, kore

  35. 14. Severe Style (early 5th century)

  36. 14. Severe Style (early 5th century) • Interest in human body • Contrapposto • More relaxed posture • No motion

  37. 15. High Classical Style (5th century)

  38. 15. High Classical Style (5th century) • Depiction of the perfect human body • Canon of proportions • Restrained motion • Contrapposto • Incipient curve • Doryphoros (450-440 BCE, by Polykleitos)

  39. 15. High Classical Style (5th century) Pediment of the Parthenon ( 448-442 BCE ) by Phidias Diskobolos (460-450 BCE) by Myron

  40. 15. High Classical Style (5th century)

  41. 10. Sculpture A B C D

  42. 10. Sculpture Archaic kouros (B) Severe style (C) Classical Period (A) Hellenistic (D)

  43. 16. Athens: theater of Dionysius

  44. 17. Greek theater • Dionysia: competition in Athens • 3 tragedies and one satyr-play • Chorus: group who dances and sings

  45. 17. Greek theater • Actors: Only 3 or 4. • Actors: Males wearing masks

  46. 17. Greek theater Tragedy: • Theme: Mortals cannot escape pain and sorrow • Objective: • To arouse pity and horror • Cathartic (purging) effect • Themes: legends of ancient dynasties • Originality lies in the treatment not in the plot

  47. 17. Greek theater Main Athenian dramatists: Aeschylus Persians, Oresteia Sophocles Antigone, Oedipus Euripides Medea Aristophanes Lysistrata(comedy)

  48. 18. Athens and Sparta in 435

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