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Important terms

Important terms . Manhattan Project- Project created to build the atomic bomb to drop on Japan. J. Robert Oppenheimer- leader of the group of scientists that built the atomic bomb. Hiroshima and Nagasaki- places where the 2 atomic bombs were dropped and an estimated 200,00 people died.

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Important terms

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  1. Important terms • Manhattan Project- Project created to build the atomic bomb to drop on Japan. • J. Robert Oppenheimer- leader of the group of scientists that built the atomic bomb. • Hiroshima and Nagasaki- places where the 2 atomic bombs were dropped and an estimated 200,00 people died. • Yalta Conference- Meeting between Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt to discuss the future of Europe. • United Nations- International peace keeping body. • Nuremberg Trials- trials where Hitler's officers were prosecuted and held by the UN.

  2. The Battle For Okinawa • The Battle for Okinawa • Japans last defensive outpost • 1900 kamikaze attacks on the allies • Sinking 30 ships • 1700 Americans die • Japan loses 110,000 people in the fighting to defend Okinawa • Forestage of the final invasion of Japan

  3. The Manhattan Project • The Manhattan Project • Project created to develop the atomic bomb • Worked on by over 600,000 Americans • secret project • Begins in 1942 • Oppenheimer the leader of the group of scientists who build the bomb. • Tested on July 6th 1945 in New Mexico

  4. The Manhattan Project

  5. To Bomb or Not to Bomb • To bomb or not to bomb • Argued to be moral or immoral • Oppenheimer had 3 arguments against the testing of the bomb • Nothing less than dropping a bomb on a city would convince the Japanese to surrender • The test might be a dud • The Japanese might shoot down the delivery plane • Many scientists agreed with this recommendation • Truman did not hesitate to order the planning for the bombs to be dropped.

  6. Hiroshima And Nagasaki • Hiroshima and Nagasaki • Cities where atomic bombs dropped • Dropped by b-29 bomber • August 6th • 200,000 killed • Surrender of Japan came on September 2nd

  7. Hiroshima And Nagasaki

  8. Rebuilding Begins • Preparation for peace • Yalta conference • Meeting between Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill • Agreed to make the United Nations • Disarming of Germany • Erased the Nazi party • The Nuremberg war trials • Germany divided into 4 sections • Each ally occupied one zone • 12 of 22 of Hitler’s officers were sentence to death and the rest to prison

  9. The Nuremburg Trials

  10. Rebuilding Begins • The occupation of Japan • Japan occupied by US under General Macarthur • 1100 Japanese put on trial • 7 sentenced to death • MacArthur reformed the economy • Made a Free Market Economy

  11. The Occupation of Japan

  12. Key Words: 25.4 • GI Bill of Rights: This bill provided education and training for veterans returning from war- paid for by the federal government • James Farmer: Civil rights leader in 1942- founded CORE • CORE: Congress of Racial Equality to confront urban segregation in the North • JACL: Japanese American Citizens League- pushed the government to compensate those sent to the camps for their lost property

  13. Economic Gains • Many working class people lived well and the war was a prosperous time that gave people money to spend and live well on • Unemployment fell to 1.2 % by 1944 • Farmers enjoyed good crop weather & crop production increased by 50% • Over 6 million women entered the work force • GI Bill of Rights- How did it improve the economy when veterans returned?

  14. Population Shifts • Why mass migrations? • Cause: Military bases and defense industries i.e Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Michigan, Florida, and California • +1 million newcomers to CA between 1941 and 1944, many African Americans escaping the South • Effect: acute housing shortage (more people than houses) and food rationing- no kitchen to cook in, food was scarce

  15. Social adjustments • Veterans transition back into society • GI Bill of Rights- millions could afford to go back to school, become homeowners, and improve their economic prospects after the war • Marriage boom in 1943 • Divorce boom in 1945 due to Dear John letters: letters from his wife saying that she found someone new

  16. Discrimination • WW2 was a turning point of sorts for African Americans • 1942- James Farmer founded CORE: staged its first sit in at a segregated restaurant in Chicago • There were riots in Los Angeles over Mexican Americans- they experienced both progress and prejudice during war years • Japanese Americans locked up in US internment camps- fought for justice • JACL- $38 million (less than a tenth of Japanese Americans’ actual losses) to compensate those sent to camps

  17. Former Allies clash • The US and Soviet Union were allies during World War II • The Soviets were Communistic, while the United States were a democracy • The tension began with the Soviets signing a non-aggression pact with Hitler • The US also kept their invention of the Atomic bomb a secret from the soviets • The only hope was the United Nations which in the end only made things worse • It turned into a race over who could spread their policies faster

  18. The Potsdam Confrence

  19. Surprise! Here Comes Truman • Franklin D Roosevelt was assassinated in 1948 and Harry S. Truman took his spot • FDR never really told Truman what was going on in military matters and peace treaties, so some people doubted him • After WWII, Truman met with the Big Three (Soviets, US, and Great Britain) • There, Truman tried to push Stalin to allow free elections which he refused and caused more tension

  20. Harry S. Truman

  21. The Battle Continues • Stalin began to work for his own benefit and not help the United States • He installed Communist governments Satellite Nations in: • Albania • Bulgaria • Czechoslovakia • Hungary • Romania • Poland

  22. The US “Returns Fire” • The US implanted an idea to work against Communism • Containment • This is helping other countries in return for their promise to not become Communist • George Kennan, American Diplomat in Moscow proposed the idea

  23. Chaos • The Cold War began to tear apart Europe • The US developed the Marshall Plan • This gave aid to any country that needed it to prevent against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos • The plan helped Europe politically and economically

  24. Germany is Split • After WWII, Germany was split into four parts occupied by the US, France, Great Britain, and Russia • Stalin blocked off West Germany from allowing supplies in • The US began the Berlin Airlift which flew goods and supplies into West Germany • Saved the people of Berlin from starvation • West Berlin and East Berlin then became seperate republics

  25. Germany Split

  26. NATO • As a result of the Berlin conflict, 10 Western European nations joined with the US and Canada to form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization • NATO • Their slogan was: • An attack on one would be regarded as an attack on all

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