The Age of Imperialism 1850-1914

1. The Age of Imperialism1850-1914 Imperialism: The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the economic, political and social life of the people of that nation

2. Causes of Imperialism • The Industrial Revolution caused a need for resources to fuel industrial production in Europe and the United States • Where would these resources come from? • Africa • Asia • Latin America

3. Causes of Imperialism • Economic competition between European nations; new markets to sell their goods • The need of European nations to add colonies to their empires as a measure of national greatness • Growing racism, or the belief that one race was superior to another • Because they were more technologically advanced, many Europeans and Americans felt they had the right to dominate the peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America

4. Causes of Imperialism • Social Darwinism: the idea that those who were fittest for survival and success were superior to others • Because of Social Darwinism, Europeans felt they had the right and duty to bring progress to other nations • Need to Christianize the people of Asia and Africa • Need to civilize and “westernize” others

5. What Enabled Imperialism? • Europeans’ technological superiority (including the Maxim machine gun) • Improvements in transportation to and within Asian and African colonies (thanks to the steam engine) • Medical advances, such as Quinine, which protected Europeans from foreign diseases (malaria) • Disunity among ethnic groups in Africa

6. Imperialism in 1914

7. Imperialism in China • China was a manufacturing power-house • This made it difficult for Europeans to find something the Chinese would buy • Opium! • Unfortunately, drugs have always been a product that makes money • Created a lot of addicts • Chinese government was not strong enough to keep it out • Treaty of Nanjin (1842) • Ended the Opium War between Britain and China • Britain gained control of Hong Kong (which it controlled until July 1, 1997) • Britain had free trade in 4 other Chinese ports • European Spheres of Influence

8. Imperialism in Africa • Berlin Conference, 1884-1885 • European nations met to lay down rules for the division of Africa • Any European nation could claim land in Africa by telling the others and showing they could control the area • Europeans paid no attention to the ethnic and linguistic divisions in Africa when dividing it amongst themselves • No African leaders attended this meeting… Why might that be unfair??

9. POSITIVE Local warfare reduced Improved sanitation Hospitals led to increased lifespan Schools led to increased literacy Economic growth NEGATIVE Loss of land and independence Men forced to work in European owned mines and on European owned farms Contempt for traditional culture and admiration of European culture = identity problems Dividing up of Africa = artificial boundaries divided kinship groups and united rivals Impact of Imperialism in Africa

10. Forms of Imperialism

11. Forms of Imperialism:Types of Management

12. Includes present day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh British colony Indirect rule – many local Princes still had local power Allowed Indians to receive a British education 2/3 of the British Army in India were Indians, known as Sepoys Major source of resources, such as cotton Introduced technology Increased railroads dramatically Imperialism in India

13. At its height, the British Empire controlled 1/5 (20%) of the world England, Wales, Scotland Ireland Canada Honduras Bermuda Bahamas Jamaica Virgin Islands British Guiana Falkland Islands Sierra Leone Gambia Gold Coast South Africa Egypt (Suez Canal) Aden Afghanistan India Pakistan Bangladesh Ceylon (Sri Lanka) Singapore Hong Kong Australia New Zealand Fiji British Imperialism