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Explore the development of a new government system in the Middle Ages where power lay with landowners, vassals, and nobles. Discover the feudal pyramid, serfs' roles, and advancements in farming techniques such as the wheeled plow and horse collar.
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A new system of government developed in the Middle Ages. • Land was owned by the kings or lords but held by vassals in return for their loyalty. • A vassal was a noble who served a lord of higher rank. • Power belonged to those who controlled the land. • Landowning nobles governed and protected people in return for services, such as fighting in an army or farming the land
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.
Serfs • Serfs worked long hours. • They spent three days working for the lord. • The rest of the week they grew food for themselves. • They were required to pay taxes and fees for the use of the mill, bread oven, and winepress.
Farming on the Manor Advancements were made in farming during the Middle Ages. The heavy wheeled plow with an iron blade allowed the peasants to turn the dense clay soil over easier.
Another invention was the horse collar. • This enabled horse to pull the plow. They were much faster than oxen.
New ways were found to harness wind and water power. • Peasants also learned to rotate their crops on three fields, instead of two.
