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Exploring Justice and Wealth Distribution Theories for Equitable Societies

Investigate various ideologies on distributing a society's bounty, from compensatory justice to distributive justice theories like Rawls' and Nozick's, alongside concepts of entitlement and rights.

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Exploring Justice and Wealth Distribution Theories for Equitable Societies

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  1. CRITICAL QUESTION How should the bounty of a society be distributed?

  2. JUSTICE • DISTRIBUTIVE • Each according to their need • Each person an equal share • Each person according to their right • Each person according to their effort • Each person according to their contribution to society

  3. COMPENSATORY JUSTICE • Compensate people for what they have lost when wronged by others • RETRIBUTIVE JUSTICE • Imposition of punishment and penalties on wrong doers • MATERIAL PRINCIPLE OF JUSTICE • Determines what it means to give a person their due • EGALITARIAN VIEW • Each person has an equal claim on society’s goods and services • LIBERTARIAN VIEW • Each person free to act according to their own purpose free from coercion of government

  4. RIGHTS • DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS • Authority given by God • NATURAL RIGHTS • Highest form of rights given by authority higher than society • LEGAL RIGHTS • Provided by constitution, legislative enactments, case law or executive order

  5. ENTITLEMENT • Provided by moral norms or legal system • NEGATIVE RIGHT • Protects an action from being interfered with by others • POSITIVE RIGHT • Provides individual with what they need to pursue freely their interests • MORAL RIGHT • Moral obligation one has in the treatment of others

  6. DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICEJohn Rawls • What rules constitute a just society? • Liberties are equal to all citizens • Rights not subject to political bargaining • Rights not subject to calculation of other social interests (Anti-Utilitarian)

  7. HOW DO WE CONSTRUCT AT JUST SOCIETY? • Created out of agreement between free and independent persons. • Use Veil of Ignorance: A third part brings the people together and states that they are to design a system for the distribution of compensation and sacrifice. They do not know what their starting point will be in that society

  8. WHAT WILL THIS SOCIETY LOOK LIKE? • Each person will have right to equal access to offices and opportunities • If there is inequality it will be to the benefit of ALL . • Political Institutions: Based on legality, liberty of conscious, freedom of though. Equal education, Free choice of professions, • Economic Institutions: Equal opportunity to engage in commercial activities, fortunate promote well-being of the less fortunate, gifted pay for cost of training and cultivation of their endowments in a way to improve the less fortunate

  9. GOVERNMENT’S ROLE • Keep markets competitive • Ensure full employment of resources, property, and wealth • Distribute wealth broadly to maintain social minimums • Equal opportunity underwritten by education

  10. THE ENTITLEMENT THEORYRobert Nozick • The minimal state is the most extensive state that can be justified • Just Distribution • Arises out of legitimate means • If acquired through transfer from another can be held • No one can hold property except by these means

  11. REDISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH • HISTORIC: How did the distribution take place (Earned, borrowed or stolen) • TIME SLICE: Current welfare economics. Justice is determine by who has what and who needs what • LIBERTY THROUGH VOLUNTARY ACTION WILL OVERTURN ANY IMPOSED SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION

  12. COMPLEX EQUALITYMichael Walzer • How do adjust for difference in • Being, Doing, Having, Consuming, Identity, Status. • There is no single best criteria for distribution. Not Markets, Not Government

  13. DOMINANCE SYSTEMS • ARISTOCRACY • Rule by breeding and intelligence • DIVINE SUPREMANCY • Know the word of God • MERITOCRACY • Rule because of talent • FREE EXCHANGE • Movable Wealth

  14. DOMINANCEIS TRANSITORY • Pressure to redistribute wealth when to centralized • Pressure to change based on new ideas • “Iron Law of Oligarchy- Robert Michels 1915 • A society cannot exist without a dominant class. The overthrow of an elite will lead to the formation of another

  15. REDISTRIBUTION MODEL • Understand how goods are valued by society • Understand how the good relate to each other • Free Exchange: Money controlled “ultimate illegal immigrant.” • Desert: Linkage between deserving and the market • Need: The specific sphere (context) establish distribution appropriate to context. Piety versus financial rewards.

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