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CRITICAL QUESTION

CRITICAL QUESTION. How should the bounty of a society be distributed?. JUSTICE. DISTRIBUTIVE Each according to their need Each person an equal share Each person according to their right Each person according to their effort Each person according to their contribution to society.

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CRITICAL QUESTION

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  1. CRITICAL QUESTION How should the bounty of a society be distributed?

  2. JUSTICE • DISTRIBUTIVE • Each according to their need • Each person an equal share • Each person according to their right • Each person according to their effort • Each person according to their contribution to society

  3. COMPENSATORY JUSTICE • Compensate people for what they have lost when wronged by others • RETRIBUTIVE JUSTICE • Imposition of punishment and penalties on wrong doers • MATERIAL PRINCIPLE OF JUSTICE • Determines what it means to give a person their due • EGALITARIAN VIEW • Each person has an equal claim on society’s goods and services • LIBERTARIAN VIEW • Each person free to act according to their own purpose free from coercion of government

  4. RIGHTS • DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS • Authority given by God • NATURAL RIGHTS • Highest form of rights given by authority higher than society • LEGAL RIGHTS • Provided by constitution, legislative enactments, case law or executive order

  5. ENTITLEMENT • Provided by moral norms or legal system • NEGATIVE RIGHT • Protects an action from being interfered with by others • POSITIVE RIGHT • Provides individual with what they need to pursue freely their interests • MORAL RIGHT • Moral obligation one has in the treatment of others

  6. DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICEJohn Rawls • What rules constitute a just society? • Liberties are equal to all citizens • Rights not subject to political bargaining • Rights not subject to calculation of other social interests (Anti-Utilitarian)

  7. HOW DO WE CONSTRUCT AT JUST SOCIETY? • Created out of agreement between free and independent persons. • Use Veil of Ignorance: A third part brings the people together and states that they are to design a system for the distribution of compensation and sacrifice. They do not know what their starting point will be in that society

  8. WHAT WILL THIS SOCIETY LOOK LIKE? • Each person will have right to equal access to offices and opportunities • If there is inequality it will be to the benefit of ALL . • Political Institutions: Based on legality, liberty of conscious, freedom of though. Equal education, Free choice of professions, • Economic Institutions: Equal opportunity to engage in commercial activities, fortunate promote well-being of the less fortunate, gifted pay for cost of training and cultivation of their endowments in a way to improve the less fortunate

  9. GOVERNMENT’S ROLE • Keep markets competitive • Ensure full employment of resources, property, and wealth • Distribute wealth broadly to maintain social minimums • Equal opportunity underwritten by education

  10. THE ENTITLEMENT THEORYRobert Nozick • The minimal state is the most extensive state that can be justified • Just Distribution • Arises out of legitimate means • If acquired through transfer from another can be held • No one can hold property except by these means

  11. REDISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH • HISTORIC: How did the distribution take place (Earned, borrowed or stolen) • TIME SLICE: Current welfare economics. Justice is determine by who has what and who needs what • LIBERTY THROUGH VOLUNTARY ACTION WILL OVERTURN ANY IMPOSED SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION

  12. COMPLEX EQUALITYMichael Walzer • How do adjust for difference in • Being, Doing, Having, Consuming, Identity, Status. • There is no single best criteria for distribution. Not Markets, Not Government

  13. DOMINANCE SYSTEMS • ARISTOCRACY • Rule by breeding and intelligence • DIVINE SUPREMANCY • Know the word of God • MERITOCRACY • Rule because of talent • FREE EXCHANGE • Movable Wealth

  14. DOMINANCEIS TRANSITORY • Pressure to redistribute wealth when to centralized • Pressure to change based on new ideas • “Iron Law of Oligarchy- Robert Michels 1915 • A society cannot exist without a dominant class. The overthrow of an elite will lead to the formation of another

  15. REDISTRIBUTION MODEL • Understand how goods are valued by society • Understand how the good relate to each other • Free Exchange: Money controlled “ultimate illegal immigrant.” • Desert: Linkage between deserving and the market • Need: The specific sphere (context) establish distribution appropriate to context. Piety versus financial rewards.

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