• 690 likes • 708 Views
WEEK 12 Journal 45. Plessy v Ferguson and Brown v Board of Education 1. What do they have in common? 2. How are they different?. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT. SECTION 1 THE MOVEMENT BEGINS. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1875. Outlawed segregation in public places
E N D
WEEK 12 Journal 45 Plessy v Ferguson and Brown v Board of Education 1. What do they have in common? 2. How are they different?
THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT SECTION 1 THE MOVEMENT BEGINS
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1875 • Outlawed segregation in public places • Ruled unconstitutional in 1883
PLESSY v. FERGUSON • 1890 - 1896 • Louisiana • railroad
JIM CROW LAWS • Segregation laws • Interracial marriages • Separate schools • Street cars • Waiting rooms • Elevators • Witness stands • Restrooms • Water fountains
TWO TYPES OF SEGREGATION • De Facto • Tradition • De Jure • By law • Migration north to escape discrimination • Didn’t work
NAACP • 1909 • WEB DuBois • Work through the court system to address civil rights issues
NEW DEAL • Brought relief
WORLD WAR II • Set the stage • Job openings • Served in armed forces • Returning veterans. . . • Civil Rights organizations fought for changes • FDR prohibited discrimination in federal agencies and war industries • Truman integrated the entire armed forces
Congress of Racial Equality • Sit-ins
THURGOOD MARSHALL • 1938 - Recruited to bring segregation cases before Supreme Court • 23 years • 29 of 32 cases • Most famous case BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION BROWN II
SOUTHERN MANIFESTO • Result of Brown cases • Southern congress members issued manifesto • Resist integration “by all lawful means”
EMMETT TILL • Summer 1955 • Money, MS
Considered to mark the beginning of the civil rights movement MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT • Dec 1, 1955 • Rosa Parks • Martin Luther King led group • December 5, 1955 • Supreme Court ruled in 1956 • December 21, 1956 • 381 days ECONOMIC
MARTIN LUTHER KING’S PHILOSOPHY • SOUL FORCE • Thoreau • Civil disobedience • Randolph • Organizing techniques • Gandhi • Non violence • Jesus • Love enemies
SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE • Founded by ministers and C R leaders • Ella Baker • Purpose • Carry out non-violent crusades against the evils of second class citizenship
EISENHOWER AND CIVIL RIGHTS • Enforcer • Little Rock Nine • Sept. 1957 • Gov. Faubus • Elizabeth Eckford
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957 • First since reconstruction • Gave Federal Government authority over violations of African American voting rights
SIT-INS • Greensboro • Jesse Jackson / NC • Jackson, MS
Week 12 Journal 46 The immediate need for federal troops is urgent. The mob is much larger in numbers at 8am than at any time yesterday. . . . . Situation is out of control and police cannot disperse the mob . . . . Action by you will restore peace and order and compliance with your proclamation. Telegram from mayor of Little Rock 1. Who was this telegram sent to? 2. What action was taken by the recipient?
STUDENT NON-VIOLENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE • Wanted things to happen quicker • More confrontational • Ella Baker and Marion Barry
FANNIE LOU HAMER • 1964 • Freedom Democratic Party • National Democratic Convention
FREEDOM RIDERS • 1961 • CORE • Washington DC to South • Montgomery • Bull Conner – Birmingham
JFK AND CIVIL RIGHTS • Campaigned to support Civil Rights • Martin Luther King – jail • However - once in office… • Did not push • Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity • Stop federal bureaucracy from discriminating in hiring and promoting
JAMES MEREDITH • September 1962 • Ole Miss • Gov. Barnett • JFK
BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMAAPRIL 3, 1963 • Cuban Missile Crisis – Oct. 1962 • King meets with leaders • How to desegregate city • April 12 • May 2 • Bull Connor • May 3 • TV cameras Convinced JFK a Civil Rights bill was needed June 11
June 11, 1963 • Are we to say to the world and much more importantly to each other - - that this is the land of the free, except for the Negros?”
MEDGAR EVERS • June 11, 1963 • Byron De La Beckwith
MARCH ON WASHINGTON • August 28, 1963 • 250,000 / 75,000 • Support for the Civil Rights Bill • King’s “I Have a Dream” speech
JFK’S ASSASSINATION • November 22, 1963
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 • Filibuster • cloture • July 2, 1964 • Signed by LBJ • Prohibited segregation in public places because of race, religion, national origin, or gender
STRUGGLE FOR VOTING RIGHTS • SNCC focused on this issue • 24th Amendment
FREEDOM SUMMER • Summer of 1964 • Robert Moses • Chaney, Goodman, Schwerner
SELMA MARCH • 1965 • ½ Of population • 3% of voters • King’s plan • By end of January >2000 arrested
Sheriff Jim Clark • Jimmie Lee Jackson • 54 mile march to Montgomery • Bloody Sunday – March 7, 1965 • 600 • Johnson calls for congress to… • Sunday March21 • 3000 set out • Only 250 • 25,000
VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965 • Eliminated literacy test to vote • Voting population changed • 1964 1968 • Selma • Mississippi 10% 60% 7% 67%
SECTION 3 NEW ISSUES