The 1920s: Prosperity & Depression

1. The 1920s:Prosperity & Depression

2. Nativism Isolationism Communism Red Scare Anarchists Sacco & Vanzetti Installment Plan Prohibition Speakeasies Bootleggers Fundamentalism Scopes trial Flapper Charles Lindbergh Sinclair Lewis F. Scott Fitzgerald Ernest Hemingway James Weldon Johnson Marcus Garvey Harlem Renaissance Zora Neale Hurston Langston Hughes Louis Armstrong Duke Ellington Chapters 20 & 21

3. Starter: Monday, November 13 Read “Harding Struggles for Peace” on pages 625-626 and answer the questions below: • Why was Russia excluded from the Washington Naval Conference? • What did the Kellogg-Briand Pact do? • Why did American loan Germany $2.5 billion?

4. Starter: Wednesday, November 15 Read “Scandal Hits Harding’s Administration” on pages 626-627 and answer the questions below: • What do Harding’s appointments of the “Ohio gang” indicate about his judgment? • What was the Teapot Dome scandal? • How did the scandals in Harding’s administration effect him?

5. Read “Impact of the Automobile” on pages 629-630 and complete the diagram below: Starter: Tuesday, November 14

6. Read “Impact of the Automobile” on pages 629-630 and complete the diagram below: Starter: Wednesday, November 15

7. Starter: Thursday, November 16Read “Rural & Urban Difference” on page 640-641 and complete the chart below

9. History of the 20th Century: 1920-1929 • Why was Harding chosen as the presidential candidate? • What problems did Prohibition cause society? • What happened to the farmers after the war? • What things made a person “modern” in the twenties? • List 5 things people did in their leisure time. • What kind of lifestyle did Coolidge enjoy? • Why was Charles Lindbergh called a hero? • What did radio do for African American performers?

10. What sort of things were captured on film? • Why did we need more electricity? • What did the electric refrigerator do for the health of the American family? • How did women’s styles change? • What did scouting do for kids? • Overall, what was life like for most Americans during the 1920s? • Would you have enjoyed living during this time? Why or why not?

11. Starter 11/4 • Read the flapper handout and answer the three questions at the bottom

12. Starter 11/5 • Read page 562 • Who are the two artists in the section? • What did their works focus on? • What influenced them? • What did their works say about American culture of the time?

13. Primary Sources-Analysis

14. Isolationism • There was a desire for “normalcy” after the War • In addition, nativism (prejudice against foreign-born people) thrived • Fear of communism led to a “Red Scare,” which led to the Palmer raids. • The Palmer raids invaded private homes & offices and jailed communist suspects

15. Sacco & Vanzetti • Two Italian immigrants (Nicola Sacco & Bartolomeo Vanzetti) were accused & found guilty of murder in Massachusetts. • They were also believed to be anarchists (those that believe in anarchy, having a society without government or laws) • Although the evidence was disputable, they were executed in 1927.

17. The Rebirth of the KKK • Fear of communism and immigrants led to the rise of the Ku Klux Klan • Jews, Catholics, and immigrants were targeted • They used intimidation and fear to pressure employers to fire immigrants & Black workers

19. Electrical Conveniences • New technologies led to electrical conveniences during the 1920s • Cars, airplanes, radios, telephones were all innovative technologies of the time • Women used new electric household appliances like refrigerators, vacuum cleaners & electric stoves

20. The Advertising Industry • The growth of business produced the advertising industry • Businesses offered the installment plan, which allowed consumers to use credit to purchase expensive items a little at a time • America became a consumer society for the first time (status was measure by how many “things” you owned • However, people were going into debt and saving less money

26. Prohibition • In 1919, Congress passed the 18th Amendment and the Volstead Act, establishing Prohibition in America • Prohibition was the banning of purchase, manufacturing, and transporting alcohol • Bootleggers (criminals who sold alcohol) supplied people with alcohol, despite the law • Speakeasies (illegal bars) were popular

27. Al Capone was a Chicago gangster who was a bootlegger & ran speakeasies

28. Fundamentalism • Fundamentalism is the belief that the Bible is literally true, because it was written by God and cannot contain contradictions or errors • The rise of fundamentalism in the 1920s was caused by the belief that traditional life was under attack • Fundamentalists attacked women’s suffrage, education, and science

29. Women’s suffrage was attacked by fundamentalists who believed that it upset traditional gender roles • Evangelical ministers spread the word of the fundamentalists at revivals & over the radio Billy Sunday, Evangelical Preacher

30. The Scopes Trial • New ideas & fundamentalism clashed during the Scopes Trial • A Tennessee teacher, John Scopes, was arrested and tried for teaching Darwin’s Theory of Evolution instead of the Bible’s account of Creation • He was found guilty and the law banning the teaching of evolution remained in Tennessee

31. Scene from the Scopes Trial(Prosecutor William Jennings Bryan & Defense Attorney Clarence Darrow) John Scopes, a football coach and substitute biology teacher, agreed to be arrested and put on trial to challenge a new law againstteaching evolution.

32. “The Lost Generation” • “The Lost Generation” was the term for a group of writers, who wrote about the greed and moral corruption of the 1920s • Included authors such as Sinclair Lewis, Ernest Hemingway, and F. Scott Fitzgerald

33. First American to win the Nobel Prize for literature Sinclair Lewis

34. A World War I veteran Ernest Hemingway

35. Wrote The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald

36. Women in the 1920s • More women were in the workforce than ever before • Women were still rarely given the opportunity for leadership positions in the workforce • Women were seeking a more manageable & comfortable appearance, ushering in the “flapper”

37. Characteristics of the “Flapper”: • Short hair (ear bob) • Legs showing with • shorter skirts • Single women • entertained male friends • at home without a • chaperone • Smoking • Dancing • “Party girls” • Rebellious • Fun-loving • Modern • Liberated (FREE!)

43. Margaret Sanger • Sanger was a nurse who spread information about birth control as a way to fight poverty • She established birth control clinics in areas of high minority populations because she considered minority people to be the source of the nation’s poverty • She established the American Birth Control League, later known as Planned Parenthood

44. "When motherhood becomes the fruit of a deep yearning, not the result of ignorance or accident, its children will become the foundation of a new race.“ - Margaret Sanger

45. Heroes • Interest in spectator sports grew in the 1920s • Boxer Jack Dempsey was the heavy-weight champion of the world • Baseball player Babe Ruth was the greatest sports icon of the time • Charles Lindbergh became the most famous hero of the time, when he flew non-stop from the U.S. to Paris (1st person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean)

46. Boxer Jack Dempsey

48. Babe Ruth Video!

49. Charles Lindbergh

50. Entertainment • The first movie with sound (talkie), The Jazz Singer, was released in 1927 • Jazz (started in southern cities in Mississippi & in New Orleans) became very popular, as African Americans moved to northern cities