1. Technological innovations of the Industrial Revolution

1. 1. Technological innovations of the Industrial Revolution [A] made Europe completely self-sufficient. [B] made colonization unnecessary. [C] created enormous wealth for Europeans that they willingly shared with the world. [D] made the colonization of distant regions cost-effective. [E] made colonialism desirable as a means to escape urban life

2. 2. Europeans controlled equatorial Africa by [A] controlling native trade at key port cities. [B] granting Africans the right and privileges of citizenship in the European country. [C] selling monopolies on resources and trade to private companies. [D] offering incentives to local rulers. [E] direct governmental rule.

3. 3. Russians occupied the territory of Kazakhstan because [A] of its copper and tin mines. [B] of a holy war declared by Tsar Alexander III. [C] the agricultural land was being “wasted”. [D] of constant invasions by Kazakhs. [E] it was a “hot bed” of terrorist activity.

4. 4. The last independent state in Southeast Asia in the late nineteenth century was [A] Indochina. [B] Malaya. [C] Siam. [D] Vietnam. [E] Burma.

5. 5. Europeans transformed the environment of Southeast Asian dependencies by [A] forbidding the growing of food and demanding the growth of cash crops. [B] increasing agricultural production by introducing cinchona and rubber. [C] practicing slash and burn techniques. [D] deforestation. [E] All of these

6. 6. British efforts to increase Egyptian agriculture resulted in [A] a large reduction in cotton production. [B] the annexation of large portions of Ethiopia. [C] the “Wheat Revolt” of 1874. [D] the construction of the Aswan Dam. [E] the attack on Omdurman.

7. 7. The British wanted to expand to Southern Africa because of [A] the marauding Zulu armies. [B] attacks by the Afrikaners. [C] discoveries of gold and diamonds. [D] they wanted to beat the Germans there. [E] the need for the rich northern farmlands.

8. 8. One of the greatest barriers to the European invasion of inland African territories was [A] the great African mountains. [B] Falciparum malaria. [C] the lack of knowledge of the geography. [D] the great African rivers. [E] All of these

9. 9. A technological advance of the late nineteenth century was [A] the machine gun. [B] quinine [C] smokeless powder. [D] the breechloading rifle. [E] All of these

10. 10. The power of Western technology convinced many Euro-Americans that [A] as Nietzsche said God was dead. [B] the West had a lot to learn from non-Western societies. [C] neither culture was superior but could co-exist peacefully. [D] Western ideas, customs, and culture were superior to non-Western lifestyles. [E] non-Western ideas, customs, and culture were superior to Western lifestyles.

11. 11. The companies brutally forced Africans to produce crops or gather resources. The worst abuses occurred [A] when Africans were forced to grow tobacco. [B] when Africans were forced to mine silver. [C] when Africans were forced to mine asphalt. [D] when Africans were forced to mine diamonds. [E] when Africans were forced to gather latex for the rubber boom.

12. 12. The 1898 battle at Omdurman resulted in 11,000 Sudanese deaths, with British deaths totaling [A] 48. [B] 480. [C] 1,480. [D] 4,480. [E] 44,800

13. 13. The Monroe Doctrine was an attempt by the United States to [A] annex new territory and expand slavery. [B] extend economic capitalism over Latin America. [C] defend the entire Western Hemisphere for outside invasion. [D] ensure the continued flow of West Indian sugar. [E] annex South America in order to turn it into a part of the United States.

14. 14. Until the 1870s, Africans ruled 90% of Africa, however within a decade [A] they had claimed a large portion of South Asia. [B] they had reclaimed the 10% lost in prior years. [C] they had pushed out Islamic fundamentalist groups. [D] they had ended the oppression of the slave trade. [E] Europeans invaded Africa referred to as the “scramble for Africa”.

15. 15. The French initially planned to open the interior trade of Senegal by [A] widening the Senegal River for shipping. [B] building an intricate road system to the coast. [C] building a railroad to connect with river traffic. [D] complete deforestation of Senegal. [E] building a canal from the Senegal and Niger Rivers.

16. 16. With the flood of Christian missionaries into Africa, Islam [A] stagnated and became less powerful. [B] spread even farther than before. [C] spread only in areas resisting Europeans. [D] remained strong only north of the Sahara. [E] was virtually eradicated from Africa.

17. 17. Southeast Asia had great economic potential because of [A] the presence of unlimited supply of geothermal energy [B] its fertile soil, constant warmth and heavy rains. [C] the large amount of craftsmen and artisans. [D] natural immunity to disease which the local fruits provided. [E] All of these

18. 18. Opened in 1869, the Suez Canal triggered [A] a wave of European domination over Asia and Africa. [B] massive flooding of the country of Panama. [C] a trend of canal building throughout the world. [D] New Item [E] All of these

19. 19. To better exploit the economic potential of Latin America, [A] a system of dirigible transport was developed. [B] Western countries discouraged emancipation. [C] extensive railroad systems were built. [D] laborers from India were imported in great numbers. [E] Euro-American settlers were encouraged to emigrate.

20. 20. New Zealand elected its own parliament and ruled itself in large part because [A] European settlers there were in the majority. [B] indigenous peoples were strong enough to demand it. [C] of the defeat of the British army. [D] no other system of government had succeeded. [E] of the large distance between Britain and New Zealand.

21. 21. In order to build the Panama Canal, the United States [A] supported a Panamanian rebellion against Colombia. [B] obtained a concession from Colombia. [C] negotiated a lease with the Panamanian government. [D] formed an alliance with France. [E] All of these

22. 22. The French government’s political motive for participating in the New Imperialism was to [A] distract its citizens from the government sex scandals. [B] eliminate a rival political party. [C] keep the French treasury from bankruptcy. [D] subvert British control in India. [E] reestablish national prestige through territory overseas.

23. 23. With King Leopold’s money, Henry Morton Stanley [A] “opened” and occupied the Congo Basin. [B] financed a revolution and made himself Emperor of the Congo. [C] found Dr. Livingstone. [D] “opened” and occupied the Moroccan Basin. [E] All of these

24. 24. The most successful African resistance against Europeans took place in [A] the Sudan. [B] Ethiopia. [C] Chad. [D] South Africa. [E] Mali.

25. 25. Among the cultural motives was a desire to [A] abolish slavery. [B] “civilize” people of the colonies by bringing them Western education, medicine, and customs. [C] spread Christianity. [D] end oppressive treatment of women, like sati. [E] All of these

26. 26. Although imperialism was not new to Europeans, this period was uniquely characterized by [A] being a land grab of unprecedented speed. [B] wars of aggression and political assassination. [C] retarded growth and slow development. [D] use of Chinese technology to inspire European innovation. [E] All of these

27. 27. The Ethiopian victory over Italy at Adowa was due to [A] the intervention of the Germans. [B] the Ethiopians’ infecting the Italians with malaria. [C] the Ethiopians’ being armed with rifles, machine guns, and artillery. [D] the Italians’ bringing the wrong maps with them. [E] the Italians’ having the worst army in Europe.

28. 28. What was the result of the Spanish-American War? [A] United States interfered heavily in Cuba. [B] United States took Guam. [C] United States purchased the Philippines. [D] United States took Puerto Rico. [E] All of these

29. 29. The United States annexed Hawaii [A] to keep pace with European colonialism. [B] to control the world’s supply of breadfruit. [C] for strategic reasons. [D] as a valuable supply station for whaling ships. [E] for its many large sugar plantations.

30. 30. Colonies that were called protectorates [A] retained their traditional governments. [B] were merged directly into European governments. [C] were administered directly by a European governor. [D] were armed as military support troops for defense of the home country. [E] were reorganized and given European-style governments.

31. 31. Hevea trees that were transplanted around the world produced [A] rubber for tires and rainwear. [B] cocoa for chocolate. [C] quinine for malaria. [D] coffee as a stimulant. [E] oil for soap and lubricants.

32. 32. Historians use the term New Imperialism to refer to the West’s [A] attempt to use propaganda as a tool of empire. [B] isolationism and parochialism in the late nineteenth century. [C] use of industrial technology to impose its will on the nonindustrial world. [D] policies of preservation of the natural environment. [E] All of these

33. 33. South Africa’s 1913 Natives Land Act was intended to [A] forbidding Africans from owning land. [B] keep Africans on reservations. [C] keep Afrikaners from starting a new war. [D] stop British financiers from becoming too powerful. [E] Both a & b

34. 34. Since the colonies were governed with small numbers of European officials, they relied upon [A] the cooperation of indigenous elites. [B] the appeal to the pity and understanding of the average indigenous person. [C] heavily fortified fire bases. [D] the availability of European medical care. [E] brute force and terror tactics..

35. 35. Opened in 1869, the Suez Canal triggered [A] a wave of European domination over Asia and Africa. [B] a trend of canal building throughout the world. [C] the independent growth of Egypt. [D] massive flooding of the country of Panama. [E] All of these

36. 36. Why did Europeans avoid taking formal colonies in Latin America? [A] Latin American governments were cooperative with the Europeans. [B] The Monroe Doctrine [C] They were overextended in Africa and Asia. [D] Latin Americans proved they could successfully resist invasion. [E] All of these

37. 37. The Platt Amendment [A] gave the United States the right to intervene to maintain “order” in the Caribbean. [B] prevented slavery in the West Indies. [C] stated that the United States could occupy any Caribbean island. [D] allowed U.S. investment in former Spanish colonies. [E] All of these

38. 38. Free-trade imperialism in Latin America meant [A] economic dependence instead of direct colonization. [B] that there were no tariffs for goods traded to the United States. [C] a military build up in Latin American countries. [D] that European powers were free to be involved there. [E] All of these

39. 39. The presence of European colonial officials meant [A] that Africans wouldn’t have to worry about food supplies. [B] that the indigenous people were usually given full control over state affairs. [C] that land rights, commercial transactions and legal disputes were handled differently. [D] that hostages were usually taken. [E] All of these

40. 40. The leader of the Filipino movement for independence was [A] Ferdinand Marcos. [B] Ho Chi Minh. [C] Madam Chang. [D] Emilio Aguinaldo. [E] General Giap.

41. 41. Besides conquering large amounts of territory, the New Imperialism was most significant for [A] recognizing international cultural diversity. [B] allowing dependent areas to develop governments. [C] the educational and health benefits bestowed on the indigenous populations. [D] spawning racism within Western society. [E] creating a global economy of suppliers and consumers.

42. 42. The economic motive for imperialism was/were [A] European businesses were motivated to look for new opportunities in Asia and Africa. [B] European merchants needed to secure new markets for their goods. [C] high demand for raw materials for industrialization. [D] they needed to protect their home markets. [E] All of these

43. 43. The better the European weapons became, the more the ________________ widened. [A] “gun breech” [B] “colonial gap” [C] “race gap” [D] “firepower gap” [E] “Maxim gap”

44. 44. The most harmful aspect of the Western sense of cultural superiority was/were [A] that it created a society of poverty and desperation in Asia. [B] the use of biological warfare against the colonies. [C] the tendency to marginalize non-Western ideas. [D] the racist ideas that deemed non-Europeans inferior. [E] All of these

45. 45. Often colonial territory was seized without the consent of the home government by [A] colonial officers deciding on their claim to a piece of territory. [B] mercenaries and escaped convicts. [C] journalists trying to gather news information in the tropics. [D] ex–slave traders motivated to make money on the colony. [E] scientists doing research in remote regions of Africa and Asia.

46. 46. When Western women arrived in the colonies it created [A] a more racist and segregated environment. [B] a more “civilized” atmosphere as these women insisted on Western daily customs. [C] a more relaxed and “homey” atmosphere. [D] a more open society. [E] All of these

47. 47. The colonies offered European women job opportunities such as [A] wives for indigenous men. [B] missionaries, teachers and nurses. [C] miners and industrial workers in the colonies. [D] lawyers and doctors. [E] colonial officers and administrators.

48. 48. The major decision of the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 was that Europeans could [A] colonize Africa only through individual treaties. [B] only colonize Africa by “effective occupation.” [C] not colonize the eastern region of Africa. [D] not colonize Africa by military means alone. [E] travel freely through any colony.

49. 49. Egyptian modernization brought an accumulation of foreign debt, which caused [A] the Egypt to borrow money from Europeans at high interest rates. [B] the Ottoman Empire to depose Ismail. [C] the government to sell its shares in the Suez Canal to the British. [D] None of these [E] All of these

50. 50. The British invasion of southern Africa was driven by the ambitions of [A] Cecil Rhodes. [B] David Livingstone. [C] Nathaniel Hawthorne. [D] Sir F.D. Lugard. [E] Thomas Macauley.