October 17, 2011 **NOTE: Our guest speaker will bring handouts for the HIV/AIDS Lecture

1. October 17, 2011**NOTE: Our guest speaker will bring handouts for the HIV/AIDS Lecture NURS 330 Human Reproductive Health

2. Review In-Class Assignment

3. What Are STDs? • Sexually – relating to having sex, personal intimate contact (e.g., rubbing of genitals, masturbating a partner), etc. • Transmitted – passed by means of, spread by • Disease – being sick (with or without symptoms), body not working properly So, an STD = a disease/infection you can get from or give to someone else by having oral, vaginal, or anal sex or other intimate contact with him/her. Source: Los Angeles County Dept of Public Health, STD Program

4. Health Consequences of STDs • Various Cancers • Infertility • Ectopic pregnancy • Miscarriage • Persistent pain • Death • Other chronic conditions or illnesses

5. STDs in the United States • The CDC estimates that there are approximately 19 million new cases each year in the US 1 • There are an estimated 65 million people in the US living with a viral STD 2 • More than half of all people will have an STD/STI at some point in their lifetime. 2 • One in two sexually active persons will contact an STD/STI by age 25. 2 • The cost of STDs to the U.S. health care system is estimated to be as much as $15.9 billion annually 1 1 Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, cdc.gov 2 Source: American Social Health Association, www.ashastd.org

7. Source: Los Angeles County Dept of Public Health, STD Program

8. CHLAMYDIA Risk factors: Unprotected oral, vaginal or anal sex

9. GONORRHEA Risk factors: Unprotected oral, vaginal or anal sex

10. SYPHILIS Oral, vaginal or anal sex (protected or unprotected)

12. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaginal or anal sex (protected or unprotected)

13. Pap Smears • Screens for pre-cancerous cells in cervix • When to start • 3 years after sexual debut or at age 21, whichever comes first • Remember, you do NOT have to sexually active to get a pap smear • Does not necessarily test for STDs • You have to ask for specific STD tests • It is important to be your own health advocate • How often should I get pap smears? • It varies, depending on your pap results • Your doctor or nurse will let you know

14. HPV Vaccine • Vaccine • Gardasil® by Merck approved in 2006 • Provides protection against four HPV types which together cause 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts • Three shots over six-month period Licensed for use in girls/women 9-26 years old • In October 2009, FDA approved for use in boys/men 9-26 years old • Another HPV vaccine by GSK currently in final stages of development • Would provide protection against two HPV types that cause most (70%) cervical cancers

15. HERPES Risk Factors: Oral, vaginal or anal sex (protected or unprotected)

16. HEPATITIS B Risk factors: Unprotected sex, sharing needles, tattoos, sharing household items such as razors, toothbrushes

18. STD Prevention Review • Use latex or polyurethane condoms (male or female) and barriers as much as possible • Water-based lubricants • Reduces friction • Get tested regularly • Reduce number of sex partners • Reduce frequency of risky situations • Spectrum of sexual risk, depending on the STD • e.g., oral sex may be considered low risk for HIV but not for syphilis • Abstinence • Talk to partners • Vaccines - Hepatitis B, HPV • Get to know your bodies!

19. October 24, 2011 • Mid-Term Exam • Covers Topics 1 - 7 (pages 1 - 90) • You are responsible for reading all reading assignments and obtaining lecture handouts and notes. • Study Guide will be posted on course website on 10/18/11 • Scantron #882 Needed

20. In-Class Assignment