The Problem and Solution

1. Innovative hybrid desalination unit for potable water production with simultaneous removal of harmful substances. Scientific Coordinator : Dr. - Ing. C. Makropoulos

2. Brackishness of underground watersespecially in insular areas Contamination of water with nitrates, pesticides and heavy metals Shortness of potable water resources Development of an innovative hybrid system for desalination and removal of harmful substances High quality potable water production without any further chemical treatment Use of renewable energy sources for better efficiency The Problem and Solution

5. Reverse Osmosis method Reverse osmosis is considered as one of the most effective and financial feasible methods for the desalination of waters containing high Na+ and Cl-concentrations, like sea and brackish water. Usual pretreatment of RO feed water includes: • Chlorination for microorganism’s disinfection • pH regulation for the prevention of Calcium Carbonate scaling • Adding of antiscallant substances for the prevention of insoluble Calcium and Barium salts precipitation • Dechlorination (using NaHSO3) for protection of membranes from the free Chlorine • Adding of poly- electrolyte for colloids precipitation

6. B 113 B 112 B 192 B 101 B 194 B 001 B 121 B 100 B 111 FM 260 DT Brackish Water Permeate FS 131 FC 141 B 122 B 671 Concentrate FLOW SHEET OF CONVENTIONAL R.O. B001..Antiscaling Dosing B112..Cleaner A FM260.. RO membranes B194..CaCO3 B101..Acid Dosing B113..Cleaner C B192..Permeate B122..Brackish Tank B111..Cleaning 1st/2nd B671..Conc.Batch B100.. NaOClB121..NaHSO3 FS131..Sand Filter FC141..Cartridge Filter

7. NF 1st Stage RO 2nd Stage Concentrate Sand Filter Rock Filter Activated carbon Feed (Brackish Water) Potable Water HYBRID DESSALINATION UNITSimplified Flow Sheet

8. FM 260 SW FM 260 SW B 113 B 112 B 192 B 111 Second Stage RO FM 160 DTF FM 160 DTF Br. water Permeate FS 131 FC 141 B122 First Stage NF B 671 Concentrate Hybrid Desalination Unit Flow Sheet B112..Cleaner A FM260.. RO membranes B113..Cleaner C B192..Permeate B122..Brackish Tank B111..Cleaning 1st/2nd B671..Conc.Batch FS131..Sand Filter FC141..Cartridge Filter

10. Minimization of membrane scaling and fouling. Long membrane life. Lower membrane replacement costs. Easy access to all membranes films. Less or no chemical pretreatment of the feed water (up to 15%/min SDI) Better membrane cleaning Higher efficiency with lower pressure drop due to the advanced flow pattern Membrane Surface : 7,7 m²/ 9,7 m² Module Diameter :8” Module Length : 1,2 m/ 1,43 m Max. oper. Pressure : 62 bar Max. oper. Temp. :40°C pH Range : 3-11 Ion Rejection : >99% Test Conditions: 60 bar,NaCl Solution (32 g/l), T= 25°C, pH=7, Water Recovery Ratio<25%, Feed Flow 1200 l/h

11. DT MODULE

12. Chemical Analysis Results

13. DIAGRAMS I

14. DIAGRAMS II

15. Solar Collectors Photovoltaic Cells Wind Turbine Generators

16. Financial Data I

17. Financial Data II

18. Final Configuration of NF-RO System 11.6 m

19. 2.27 m 2.5 m

22. Key Competitive Advantages I • Desalination and removal of harmful substances (nitrates, pesticides, heavy metals, etc) in one pass, • Production of potable water without any further chemical treatment that misquotes its quality, • Reduce in the energy consumption up to 15%, • Up to 35% increase in the water production, • retention rate of ions and other harmful substances that exceeds 97% - with the retention of nitrates exceeding 99,5% • Further decrease in the energy cost and higher System performance by using solar energy or other mild or renewable energy resources,

23. Key Competitive Advantages II • Use of DT modules with high tolerance in relation with the feed water specifications • Flexibility in the use of the unit as Hybrid or as RO • Higher operational life of membranes • Use of natural rocks bed in order to enrich the desalinated water with the necessary trace elements, • Tele-monitoring System to ensure the reliable operation of the System.