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William Farquhar. William Farquhar. William Farquhar was at Newhall, Aberdeenshire, near Aberdeen in 1774.
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William Farquhar • William Farquhar was at Newhall, Aberdeenshire, near Aberdeen in 1774. • He joined the East India Company as a cadet when he was 17. Arrived in Madras on 19 June 1791, and shortly after on 22 June 1791, was promoted to a low-rank commissioned officer of the Madras Engineers. Two years later on 16 August 1793, he became a Lieutenant in the Madras Engineers. • An engineer, his reputationwas established by his long and successful term as Resident of Malacca, of which he was given charge when it passed into British hands from the Dutch. A task given him by the British Goverment was to demolish all the structures left by the former occupants; he blew up the fortifications with gunpowder but spared some of the other buildings, showing great intelligence.
Farquhar was Chief Engineer in the expeditionary force which took Malacca from the Dutch on 18 August 1795. On 1 January 1803 he was promoted to the rank of full Captain. From 1803 he acted as Resident of Malacca, and was made a full Major in Corps on 26 September 1811, before he was officially appointed Resident and Commandant of Malacca in December 1813; a position he held for several years, in charge of both Civil and Military offices, until the Dutch returned in September 1818. During his tenure here he assisted in missions around the region, including the British invasion of Java led by Governor-General Lord Minto and Sir Stamford Raffles in August 1811. He spoke Malay, married a Malaccan girl, Nonio Clement (he had six children by her); and was popularly known as the Rajah of Malacca. • He retired to Perth, Scotland, in 1829, where he bought two large recently completed Georgian houses (one for his brother, a naval Captain) and built a billiard hall for the entertainment of his many friends. He married again, and died in 1839 at his home, Early Banks. He has a mausoleum in Greyfriars Kirkyard,Perth.
Political Contributions • With his long Malayan experience, and an intimate knowledge of Riau-Lingga politics, Major Farquhar was given the task to help Sir Stamford Raffles find a settlement on Singapore island. He helped negotiate the provisional agreement of 30 January 1819 with the local chieftain Temmengong Abdul Rahman of Johore; and the more formal Singapore Treaty of 6 February 1819, which Raffles signed with the Temmengong and His Highness the Sultan Huessien Mohammed Shah, confirming the right for the British to set up a trading post. • The next day on 7 February 1819, Raffles appointed Farquhar as Singapore's first Resident to develop the colony according to a specific plan Raffles had drawn up, Farquhar was left to manage the colony when Raffles left; an absence eventually lasting four years. He was appointed the first British Resident and Commandment of Singapore
Farquhar took a more laissez-faire approach, which suited the local traders who had followed him there. In his new post, he quickly set about clearing the plain on the north-east bank of the Singapore River. Word of this new trading post soon spread and Singapore became a thriving cosmopolitan town. Communication with Raffles in Bencoolen and the East India Company in Calcutta were so poor that for more than three years, Singapore developed on her own with Farquhar at the helm. • On 9 May 1821, William Farquhar was sacked. Despite his many positive achievements in the formative period of Singapore's development, he adopted measures in his administration which conflicted with Raffles' instructions, notably in allowing the erection of houses and go downs on the Padang and on the nearby banks of the Singapore River. His justification was that in the fast rapidly expanding settlement 'nothing is heard in the shape of complaint but the want of more ground to build on'. • However, when Raffles returned, he was furious to discover his plans had been neglected and that moreover local vices such as the trading of opium and slaves were being tolerated. He then dismissed Farquhar, who at first refused to leave, and later sued Raffles for tyrannical behavior. The conflicts which arose during Raffles' final stay in Singapore in 1822-23, led to his dismissal on May 1, 1823, and succeeded as Resident by Dr. John Crawfurd. He remained in Singapore after that for a few months.
