PERSONALITY TESTING & MANAGEMENT

1. PERSONALITY TESTING & MANAGEMENT Presented By: Anupama Aroonkumar Keta Bacas Alfred Dowe Mary Flood Michelle Malone Sherilynn Tuck

2. Objective of Personality Tests • Valuable tools for selecting good employees. • Large organizations use tests to measure dimensions of personality and related characteristics. • Not designed to predict behavior. • Help weed out employees who might be troublemakers or engage in theft and fraud.

3. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator • Personality inventory commonly used • Private industry • Federal government

4. HISTORY OF PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT • Began in late 1800’s in Europe to aid the expanding science of psychiatry • 1920: Was first used for personnel by Robert Woodworth as part of a U.S. Army program • Early personality tests were designed to assess a single personality dimension • 1931: Robert Bernreuter created a test (Bernreuter Inventory) to provide scores for several personality characteristics - became widely used

5. 1934: Humm-Wadsworth Temperament Scale - Tested self-interest, emotionality, and harmony • 1940: Hathaway and McKinley’s Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - Widely used in military - Adapted for both clinical assessment and research - Became most widely used in psychology • WWII: U.S. Government used personality assessments in recruitment of Special Forces

6. 1956: California Psychological Inventory - Broad acceptance • 1957: Cattell & Stice published Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire • 1970’s: Personality assessments widely criticized in personnel selection due to claims of it leading to discrimination • 1985: NEO-Personality Inventory - Based on Five-Factor Model of personality • 1990’s: High-risk and specialized occupations gave personality assessments a comeback

7. DEFINITION OF CULTURE The arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively .

8. DEFINITION OF PERSONALITY The combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's distinctive  character.

9. MBTI Personality Type Indicator

11. TYPES OF PERSONALITY • Type A: • Competitive/Irritable • Time urgency • Loud, exaggerated speech • Respond quickly • More often overload themselves • Seek challenges • Type B: • Calm/relaxed • Good at tasks involving complex judgments and accuracy

12. The big five dimensions of personality • Conscientiousness • Extraversion • Agreeableness • Emotional stability • Openness to experience

13. Relationship of core self-evaluation traits with Job Satisfaction & Job Performance : A Meta Analysis CORE SELF-EVALUATIONS

14. CORE SELF-EVALUATIONS: FOUR PERSONALITY TRAITS Core self-evaluations are the best predictors of Job Satisfaction and Performance.

15. COMPARISONS OF THE BIG 5 MODEL ACROSS CULTURES CULTURE AND IT’S IMPLICATIONS ON PERSONALITY

16. THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS ACROSS CULTURES • Filipinos, score relatively low on Neuroticism and scoring in the middle of the scale on Extraversion. •  Americans, New Zealanders, and Canadians score higher on Extraversion, while scoring moderately on Neuroticism. • People from South America and Europe are more open than people from East Asian cultures about their surrounding world and themselves and are more willing to entertain novel ideas and unconventional values. • African cultures tended to be low in anxiety and depression i.e., low in neuroticism.

17. Cross-cultural research on personality traits

18. National differences in expressivity • Culture determines how and when people express their emotions. • Although people throughout the world generally express their emotions in the same manner, informal standards govern the degree to which it is acceptable. • Italian culture norms accept public displays of emotion whereas culture norms frown upon public displays in Great Britain. • Zimbabwe is ranked the most expressive country. Overall Western cultures ranked higher than Eastern cultures.

19. Application: True Colors Personality Test • “Enhances relationships – bringing out the best in each of us.” • Can be traced back to Hippocrates (460BC) identified four different temperaments of humans: Sanguine, Choleric, Phlegmatic, and the Melancholic and in Plato’s (428BC) ideas about character and personality. • Model developed in 1978 by Don Lowry. • http://www.true-colors.com/content.php

20. The Meaning Behind the Colors of True Colors • Blue is a color that has been shown to soothe the central nervous system. It fosters psychological contentment and physical tranquility. It can be said that when a person is feeling BLUE, they are experiencing emotional intensity and sensitivity to the dramas of life. The figure of speech referring to "True Blues" takes on the meaning of friendship, helpers, “there when you need them” individuals that will go the extra mile for others. • Goldis a color with numerous metaphors associated with it. Think of the common phrase, “Good as Gold”. It represents value, stability and strength. The expression “Solid Gold work ethic” conjures up an image of someone who is very responsible... on time, organized, fulfills their obligations with stellar dependability, efficiency and thoroughness. The classic expression “sets the Gold standard” is also a suitable fit. • Green is an expression of the logic - the system of existence and the abundance of this color in nature. Greens are concerned with the world's challenges, such as preserving the wisdom of mother earth for the future. Psychological research has shown the color Green to have a calming effect and many Greens demonstrate a composed demeanor using mind over emotion to orchestrate and solve the mysteries of life. • Orange is a color often used to promote action, motivation, excitement. Orange urges you to PAY ATTENTION - wake up and seize the moment, make quick decisions…take advantage of the immediate opportunity available right now! Orange encourages a playful atmosphere of activity and movement. Think of the flash of fire, shimmer of sparklers on the fourth of July or the flame of a match – hot, dazzling, Orange energy.

21. True Colors Color Breakdown for the OMGT Class

24. What Does it All Mean? • Flip a switch – the light comes on. • Discover why one does what they do & enhances understanding of those with whom we work. • Knowing your core values and needs help us to perform at the highest potential in every area of our lives. • Basics of communication & motivation with dignity, efficacy, and mutual respect. • Results can change over time!

25. MOTIVATION FOR BLUES • Make sure they know you care about them personally • Focus on feeling, not just facts • Create a pleasant and inviting environment • Create ways for them to use their creative abilities • Reward them with small personal interactions • Be enthusiastic, happy, and upbeat

26. MOTIVATION FOR GOLDS • Treat them professionally • Focus on traditional approaches • Make sure all expectations are clearly explained and outlined • Reward them in tangible ways • Lay out things in a step-by-step fashion • Be highly organized and establish a predictable routine

27. MOTIVATION FOR GREENS • Be competent • Value them as an individual • Value intelligence and research • Create assignments that are thought- provoking and meaningful • Provide opportunities for them to share what they know • Let them experiment

28. MOTIVATION FOR ORANGES • Life must be engaging and fun • Use variety • Be flexible • Be willing to overlook certain behaviors • Utilize their boundless energy • Develop the use of healthy competiton

29. BLIND SPOTS • Things that you do not know about yourself but others do know • Use test results to become aware of these blind spots • Yourself • People you manage • Take steps to work on these areas without completely changing what makes you unique

30. RESULTS OF THE MODIFIERS • ANUPAMA • KETA • ALFRED • MARY • MICHELLE • SHERI LYNN