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HOW TO MAKE AN ESSAY OUTLINE

HOW TO MAKE AN ESSAY OUTLINE. For I.b . psychology paper 1b AND PAPER 2 500-800 WORD ESSAYS. Paragraph 1. Restate the question in your own words This shows you understand the question Define the essential definitions, then explain them and give an example

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HOW TO MAKE AN ESSAY OUTLINE

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  1. HOW TO MAKE ANESSAY OUTLINE For I.b. psychology paper 1b AND PAPER 2 500-800 WORD ESSAYS

  2. Paragraph 1 • Restate the question in your own words • This shows you understand the question • Define the essential definitions, then explain them and give an example • This shows ‘comprehension’ on the essay rubric • State the theory(s) you intend to present

  3. 2nd paragraph - Proof of theory 1 • Cite the aim/procedure/findings of the research which supports the theory • 2-3 sentences are fine • Critique the research • Use the evaluation of studies list (pick 1-2 MAX) • Explain how the research links in with the theory

  4. Evaluation of studies list (IB Prepared pages 12-14) • Advantages/disadvantages of the method (check orange book or PSYCHSCI notes) • Experiments: artificiality means a lack of ecological validity, and is not ‘real life’ • Qualitative: how effective are the measures used to record the data? • Predictive validity: does the study consistently and accurately predict human behavior? • Validity errors: Researcher bias / demand characteristics / order effects / contamination

  5. Evaluation of studies list (IB Prepared pages 12-14) • Inter-rater reliability – if multiple researchers, how did they verify consistency? • Placebo effect? • Other studies support the conclusions? • Representative sample? Watchout for a gender or class bias • Cross-cultural validity? Or is there ethnocentrism? • Correlations: bidirectional ambiguity (concluding causality where it is not supported) • Do other Levels Of Analysis support the theory? Ex: biological support of SLT • Ethics issues: consent / confidentiality / stress & harm / brief and debrief / withdrawal

  6. 3rd paragraph – support or critique research for theory 1 • Choose research which EITHER bolsters the theory in a different way than OR critiques the theory in some way • Aim/procedure/findings • Critique the research • This one can be shorter, but keep the important information • Explain how it bolsters or critiques the theory

  7. More theories? • Repeat paragraphs 2 & 3 for each

  8. Evaluation of theories • Be sure to evaluation the theory itself (choose ONE) • Basic strategies (IB Prepared page 12-14): • Descriptive value – is is consistent with existing data? • Heuristic value – to what degree does your theory stimulate investigators to do further research? • Falsifiability value – does it use concepts and definitions that can be tested (is there a problem with construct validity?) • Breadth – does the theory explain a wide or limited diversity of phenomena? • Applicability – does it help psychologists understand everyday behavior?

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