PLANTS: Anatomy, Growth and Function

1. PLANTS: Anatomy, Growth and Function

2. Plant Characteristics • Plants need energy, nutrients, water, gas exchange protection from herbivores and disease and to reproduce. • Photosynthesis: Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight -> glucose + oxygen • Glucose is a carbohydrate (made of C, H, and O). Carbs are used by plants to grow, maintain and develop. • Sexual and asexual reproduction.

3. Basic Tissue Types Dermal tissues 2 types: epidermis and periderm Outermost cell layers Thick cell walls covered in waxy cuticle Protection against water loss, injury, disease Vascular tissues 2 types: xylem and phloem Xylem: thick walled cells, dead at maturity Phloem: thin walled cells, living at maturity Like tubes Transport water and nutrients

4. Basic Tissue Types Ground Tissues 3 types: Parenchyma: thin-walled, living cells, support growth and development, stores carbs as starch. Collenchyma: thick-walled living cells, support growth and development, supports and protects plant body. Sclerenchyma: cells with lignin in cell wall, dead at maturity, supports and protects plant body Meristematic Tissues An area of actively dividing undifferentiated cells Eventually develop into specialized cells

5. Monocots and Dicots • Angiosperms are the class of plants that produce flowers which can be further divided into monocots and dicots • Monocots include grains, grasses • Dicots include common plants like the daisy, tomato, maple • Names are based on the structure of their seeds: made of a seed coat, embryo, endosperm, seed leaf (called a cotyledon) • Monocots have one cotyledon, dicots have two. • Cotyledons in the dicots contain the nutrients that nourish the embryo as it develops. • In the monocots, the endosperm contains the nutrients

6. Dicots and Monocots