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COMPARATIVE ANATOMY 3023 By Brian Matchett and Alyson Walaskay

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY 3023 By Brian Matchett and Alyson Walaskay. WHAT IS COMPARATIVE ANATOMY?. Comparative Anatomy. The study of and comparison of body parts of different species. Comparative Anatomy Includes:. Change, adaptation, and mutation of species

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COMPARATIVE ANATOMY 3023 By Brian Matchett and Alyson Walaskay

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  1. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY 3023 By Brian Matchett and Alyson Walaskay

  2. WHAT IS COMPARATIVE ANATOMY?

  3. Comparative Anatomy • The study of and comparison of body parts of different species

  4. Comparative Anatomy Includes: • Change, adaptation, and mutation of species • The invasion of new territories • Species compatibility with surroundings

  5. How Can Comparative Anatomy Help Us? • Understand our history • Consider plans for change • Improve animal genetics • Preserve endangered species

  6. Why Should We be Aware of Comparative Anatomy? • Variations in care for animals • Differences in animal habits

  7. Adaptation • Genetic and physiological changes that occur due to pressures or changes in an animal’s environment

  8. Adaptation Changes Examples: • Forelimb of humans used for manipulating • Webbed foot of seal used for swimming • Front feet of a mole used for digging

  9. Structural Development • Homologous Structures • Analogous Structures

  10. Homologous Structures • Have similar structures, but different uses • E.g. Turtle leg and bird wing

  11. Analogous Structures • Body parts similar in use, but different in structure • E.g. Bird wing and insect wing

  12. Directional Terms • Used to describe the positions of structures on the body relative to other structures or locations

  13. Cranial – closer to the head of the animal Caudal – closer to the tail Medial – closer to the midline of the limb, trunk or head Lateral – farther away from the midline

  14. Dorsal – close rot the top side (back) of the animal Ventral – closer to the bottom side (belly) of the animal Proximal – closer to the attachment of the appendage to the body Distal – farther away from the attachment of the body

  15. Comparative Anatomy of Typical Farm Animal Species Includes • Skeletal Structures • Reproduction • Digestive Systems

  16. Skeletal Structures • Protects vital organs and gives basic form and shape to an animals body

  17. Reproduction • The production of live, normal offspring

  18. Puberty – age at which reproductive organs become functionally operative Gestation – time from breeding or conception of a female until she gives birth to her young Estrus – time for acceptance of the male and normally coincides approximately with ovulation “Heat” Estrous Cycle – Estrus cycle or the time from one estrus to the next

  19. Digestion • Includes all the organs that are involved in the digestion of food

  20. Types of Digestion • Monogastric or Simple Stomach • Ruminant • Avian

  21. Monogastric • Characterized by the inability to digest roughage efficiently • Enzymes used to break food down • Includes: humans, swine, rabbits and horses

  22. Ruminant • Handles the breakdown of large amounts lignified fiber • Has four different compartments: • Rumen - Omasum • Reticulum - Abomasum • Includes: sheep, cows, goats

  23. Avian • Designed for grinding hard or encased food • Has a gizzard • Have no teeth • Includes: all birds

  24. WEB CITATIONS • BSC Courseware http://tidepool.st.usm.edu/crswr/homologousstructs.html • Homologous Structures http://www.kent.wednet.edu/staff/rlynch/sci_class/chap06/homologous.html

  25. WEB CITATIONS cont. • Animal Feeds and Nutrition http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ans012/gi_tract.htm • Michael's Photo Gallery http://www.netaxs.com/~mhmyers/image.html

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