India Under British Rule

1. India Under British Rule

2. BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA

3. EAST INDIA COMPANY Set up trading posts in India during the 1600s MUGHAL DYNASTY collapsed 1707 EAST INDIA COMPANY ruled INDIA Had their own army 1757 ROBERT CLIVE beat INDIANS at BATTLE of PLASSEY

4. On June 23rd,1757 at Plassey, a small village and mango grove between Calcutta and Murshidbad the forces of the East India Company under Robert Clive met the army of Siraj-ud-Doula, the Nawab of Bengal. The "battle" lasted no more than a few hours, and indeed the outcome of the battle had been decided long before the soldiers came to the battlefield. [Soldiers had been bribed�the next in line to the Bengal throne (Jafar) had been convinced to throw in with Clive.] The battle of Plassey signified the state of things to come: few British victories were achieved without the use of bribes, and few promises made by the British were ever kept. During the battle a monsoon storm, lasting nearly an hour, drenched both sides and the ground, The Indian guns slackened their fire because their powder was insufficiently protected, but when the Indian cavalry charged in the hope that the British guns had suffered similarly they were sharply repulsed by heavy fire. Plassey was decisive for the British in India, and for Clive. On June 23rd, 1757 at Plassey, a small village and mango grove between Calcutta and Murshidabad, the forces of the East India Company under Robert Clive met the army of Siraj-ud-Doula, the Nawab of Bengal. Clive had 800 Europeans and 2200 Indians whereas Siraj-ud-doula in his entrenched camp at Plassey was said to have about 50,000 men with a train of heavy artillery. During the battle a monsoon storm, lasting nearly an hour, drenched both sides and the ground, The Indian guns slackened their fire because their powder was insufficiently protected, but when the Indian cavalry charged in the hope that the British guns had suffered similarly they were sharply repulsed by heavy fire. The battle lasted no more than a few hours, and indeed the outcome of the battle had been decided long before the soldiers came to the battlefield. The aspirant to the Nawab's throne, Mir Jafar, was induced to throw in his lot with Clive, and by far the greater number of the Nawab's soldiers were bribed to throw away their weapons, surrender prematurely, and even turn their arms against their own army.� Siraj fled, leaving a still nervous Mir Jafar to occupy the palace and treasury, and to await Clive's coming before ascending the masnad or throne. The act ended with the capture of Siraj-ud-doula when nearing Bihar and was brutally murdered by Mir Jafar's son Miran. Plassey was decisive for the British in India, and for Clive. Jawaharlal Nehru, in The Discovery of India (1946), justly describes Clive as having won the battle "by promoting treason and forgery", and pointedly notes that British rule in India had "an unsavory beginning and something of that bitter taste has clung to it ever since." On June 23rd, 1757 at Plassey, a small village and mango grove between Calcutta and Murshidabad, the forces of the East India Company under Robert Clive met the army of Siraj-ud-Doula, the Nawab of Bengal.

6. Why INDIA? BRITAIN the WORLD�S WORKSHOP India major supplier for that workshop �JEWEL IN THE BRITISH IMPERIAL CROWN� NO COMPETITION from INDIAN businesses HAD TO BUY BRITISH GOODS

7. British Rule: POSITIVES India�s RAW MATERIALS [+ for Br.] TEA, INDIGO, COFFEE, COTTON , JUTE, AND OPIUM BRITISH constructed� [+ for India] RAILROADS, TELEGRAPHS, TELEPHONES, DAMS, BRIDGES, AND IRRIGATION CANALS SANITATION AND HEALTH improved SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES FOUNDED LITERACY INCREASED PUT AN END TO local WARFARE

8. British Rule NEGATIVES BRITISH had all economic & political power CASH CROPS Led to loss of self-sufficiency for most villages FAMINES in late 1800s

9. INDIANS REBEL Resented British attempt to change Indian traditions Legalized re-marriage of widows Resented Racism--British way is Best

10. INDIANS REBEL 1857 SEPOY REBELLION East India Soldiers refuse to fight for Britain Animal fat to lubricate rifles against Hindu/Muslim religion Rival Indian Princes SUPPORTED ENGLISH They wanted to keep their local power Hindus and Muslims divided over who should be in power

11. BRITISH RAJ 1858 BRITISH GOV. TOOK OVER RAJ MEANS �RULE� CONTROLLED 250 DISTRICTS

12. Indian Leader� RAM MOHUN ROY a.k.a. �Father of Modern India (1772-1833) Scholar�felt India could learn from the WEST Knew about academic works from Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit, Greek, English�cultures Called for REFORMS in INDIAN LIFE WIDOW SUICIDE CHILD MARRIAGE CASTE SYSTEM

13. NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS 1885 INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS formed�businessmen and other professionals�worked for self-rule Non-violent protest for independence Outlawed in 1932-Gandhi arrested 1906 MUSLIM LEAGUE formed�fear that Muslim interests would not be included in government Platform moved towards a separate state (Pakistan)

14. Read Ch.8.4 & answer the following: Why were the British able to win control of India? Include 2 reasons within your answer How did British rule affect India? Include 5 examples What was the Sepoy Rebellion? Why were Hindu and Muslim soldiers so offended by British actions? Describe (4) goals Indian nationalists pursued?