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The Basel Convention An Overview

The Basel Convention An Overview. Workshop on UNEP Multilateral Environmental Agreements 6-8 October 2002, Teslic Bosnia & Herzegovina. The Basel Convention. Introduction, “mission” and objectives Waste controlled under the Convention The Control System

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The Basel Convention An Overview

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  1. The Basel ConventionAn Overview Workshop on UNEP Multilateral Environmental Agreements 6-8 October 2002, Teslic Bosnia & Herzegovina

  2. The Basel Convention • Introduction, “mission” and objectives • Waste controlled under the Convention • The Control System • Environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes • Some Decisions at COP 5 – for COP6 • The Basel Convention and the Stockholm Convention • Other programmatic activities • Elements for the implementation of the Basel Convention • Final Key Points

  3. 1 - Introduction, the problem Unregulated transboundary movements of hazardous wastes between countries, in particular, from “developed countries” to “developing countries or countries with economies in transition”

  4. 1 – The process of adoption of the Basel Convention • 1985 Preliminary work of UNEP • 1987 Adoption of the “Cairo Guidelines” • 1989 Adoption of the Basel Convention • 1992 Entry into force, 5th May 1992 • 2002 Total number of Parties 150 (Status, September 2002)

  5. 1 – “Mission” of the Convention Preamble Protection, under strict control, of human health and environment against adverse effects which may result from the generation and management of hazardous wastes and other wastes

  6. 1 - Key Objectives of The Basel Convention • Reduce transboundary movements of hazardous wastes to a minimum consistent with their environmentally sound management • Dispose of hazardous wastes as close as possible to their sources of generation • Minimize generation of hazardous wastes in terms of quantity and hazardousness.

  7. Pillars of the Basel Convention • Regulation of the Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes • Environmentally Sound Management of Hazardous Wastes

  8. 2 - Wastes controlled under the Convention • Definition of hazardous wastes • Article 1.1.a) of the Convention (Annex I and Annex III) • Article 1.1.b) of the Convention (nationally defined hazardous wastes) • Articles 1.2 of the Convention (other wastes) • Annex VIII and Annex IX of the Convention

  9. 2 - Wastes controlled under the Convention • Clinical wastes • Mining wastes • Industrial wastes • Agricultural wastes • End of life equipments and commodities (asbestos, PCB c. equip., stockpiles, LAB, batteries, e-wastes, ships, etc)

  10. 2 - Wastes NOT controlled under the Convention • radioactive wastes • ODS as wastes • contaminated land (?) • wastes having nickel constituents • Annex IX, ..

  11. 3 – The Control System for Transboundary Movements • 1989 The Control System • 1995 Ban Amendment adopted by Decision of the COP • 1999 Protocol on Liability and Compensation

  12. 3 – The Control System of Transboundary Movements The Control System of The Convention (1989) . Responsibility to notify . Prior written consent procedure . Re-import obligations . Prohibitions and restrictions . Definition and control of illegal traffic . Documentation: notification, Doc. Movement . Contract between the exporter and the disposer . Insurance/financial garanties . International transport rules and regulations . Environmentally sound management of wastes

  13. 3 – The Control System of Transboundary Movements The Control System of the Convention (1989) Prohibitions and restrictions . Movements between Parties only (…) . National prohibitions . Obligations of environmentally sound management (Art. 4.9) . Export for disposal to the area of 60o South latitude

  14. 3 – The Control System of Transboundary Movements The Ban Amendment - Article 4A (adopted in 1995) • Prohibit export of hazardous wastes destined for final disposal from states members to the Annex VII to States not listed in Annex VII. • Prohibit export of hazardous wastes destined for recovery and recycling from states members to the Annex VII to States not listed in Annex VII (31.12.97) Annex VII: Parties and other States which are members of OECD, EC, and Liechtenstein

  15. Take all practicable steps to ensure that hazardous wastes or other wastes are managed in a manner which will protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects which may result from such wastes (Art. 2) 4– Environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes

  16. 4– Environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes • (Art. 4), Technical Guidelines • Generation is reduced to a minimum • Availability of adequate disposal facilities • Persons involved are adequately trained • Minimize consequences in case pollution occurs • Treatment as close as possible to place of generation • Precautionary principle • Integrated life cycle management principle • Polluter pays principle, etc • Technical Guidelines for specific waste streams;

  17. 5 – Some decisions at COP V – COP6 • V/1 Basel Declaration on ESM – Enabling Decision • V/5 Regional centres for training and technology transfer • V/19 Mechanism for promoting implementation of and compliance with • V/24 Classification and characterization of wastes • V/29 Basel Protocol on liability and compensation • V/32 Enlargement of the scope of the technical cooperation trust fund • V/33 Strategic Plan

  18. 6. The Basel and the Stockholm Conventions

  19. 6. Relationship between the Basel and the Stockholm Conventions • Stockholm Convention • Art. 5. Measures to to reduce or eliminate releases from unintentional sources • (d) (e): Promote, in accordance with its action plan, the use of best available techniques and best available practices (apply to HCB); • Art.6. Measures to reduce or eliminate releases from stockpiles/wastes • 1.(a) Develop appropriate strategies for identifying (i) stockpiles (…); (ii) wastes (…); • 1.(d) take appropriate measures so that such wastes, including products and articles upon becoming wastes, are: • (i) handled, collected, transported and stored in an e.s.m; • (ii) disposed of so that they do not exhibit characteristics of POPs (…) taking into account international rules, standards and guidelines (…) governing the management of hazardous wastes; • not transported across international boundaries without taking into account relevant international rules, standards and guidelines;

  20. 6. Relationship between the Basel and the Stockholm Conventions • Stockholm Convention • Art.6.2. The COP shall cooperate closely with the Basel Converntion to, inter alia: • establish levels of destruction and irreversible transformation … • Determine what they consider to be methods that constitute e.s.disposal; • Work to establish, as appropriate, the concentration levels of the chemicals listed in Annexs A, B, C in order to define the low persistent organic pollutant content referred to in paragraph 1 (d)(ii);

  21. 6A. Relationship between the Basel and the Stockholm Conventions - Pesticides Rotterdam Basel Rott. Non- POPs pesticides - - - - - - POPs pesticides - - - - - Stockholm LCM Re-Use Generation (S.) Trade in Products (S.- R.) ESM of Wastes (incl. Tr. Mvts, D) Use

  22. 6A. Relationship between the Basel and the Stockholm Conventions - PCBs PCTs PBBs - - - - - - PCBs Basel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Rotterdam Basel Stockholm Stockholm LCM Generation Trade in Products Use (Maintenance) ESM of Wastes (incl. Tr. Mvts, D)

  23. 6B - The Basel Convention and POPs wastes • Pesticides • First Continental Conference for Africa, Rabat 2001 • Programme of Action - Rabat Declaration // • WB-GEF funded proposal (15-250 mUS$) • PCBs • Methodology for management plans, databases for inventories, regulations, training of governmental officers, inspectors, customs and owners on the various aspects of PCB management, set up of storage platforms, etc; • National & Regional Management Plans; Central America, SADC countries (Africa), (West Africa) (UNEP-Chemicals-SBC-regional centres of the Basel Convention); • Dioxins/Furans Joint UNEP-Chemicals-SBC pilot project proposals

  24. 7 – Other Programmatic activities Programme - Monitoring & control of the transboundary movements of h.w and prevention of illegal traffic • Asia (Eastern & Central Europe, LAC, Africa) • Partners WCO, Interpol, Cites, Ozone, OPCW • Concept of ‘Environmental (green) Customs’ • Regional Projects for the monitoring/control of T.M of H.W • - desk study, company and shipment checks ; • - preparation of decision-supportive tools, training ; • Regional Workshop for C.A, Customs & Ports Authorities (HK, China) • National Workshops for C.A, Customs & Ports Authorities ;

  25. 7 – Other Programmatic activities • Programme - ESM of biomedical wastes • Africa & LAC, partners WHO-International Steering Group • Finalization of the TG of the Basel Convention (TWG) ; • Programme elements: • Development of methodology for the preparation of local/national health care waste management plans ; • Preparation of database on treatment technologies ; • Development of Rapid Assessment Tool/Estimation Model ; • Country projects on the preparation of health care waste management plans in each region and training (LAC, Africa); • Joint fund raising strategy ;

  26. 7 – Other Programmatic activities Programme - ESM of spent lead acid batteries • Caribbean & Central America, South East Asia • Partners UNCTAD, ILMC, industry, NCPCs • Country programmes on the assessment of the current collection and recycling systems for spent lead/acid batteries in Parties to the Basel Convention; • Strategic elements for the set up of a regional mechanism for the E.S.M of lead-acid batteries (legal, technical, economical & financial); • Technical standards for the ESM of LAB in the regions; • Regional Battery Recycling Seminar; • Preparation of Action Plans (including technology transfer, economic instruments, etc)

  27. 7 – Other Programmatic activities • On going Programmes • Monitoring & control of the transboundary movements of h.w and prevention of illegal traffic; • ESM of PCB containing equipments; • ESM of biomedical wastes; • ESM of lead acid batteries; • Planned • Used oils; • Hazardous wastes in small quantities; • Electronic wastes/precious metals; • Dismantling of ships

  28. Pause

  29. 8 – Implementation of the Basel Convention • Focal points and Competent Authorities (Art. 5) • International co-operation (Art.10) • Regional centres for training and technology transfers (Art. 14) • Transmission of information (Art.13) • Mechanisms for fulfilment of obligations (Monitoring & Compliance) • Emergency fund (Fifth COP)

  30. 8 –Elements of a strategy for the implementation of the Basel Convention ‘First level’ activities • Strengthening/up-grading of the legal framework ; • Set up of a control system for the monitoring & control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes ; • Development of hazardous waste management strategy (Action Plan) ; • National reporting ;

  31. 8 – Other elements to consider . Annex VII & Ban Amendment ; . Annex IX ; . Article 1.1b ; . Mirror entries in Annex VIII/IX ; . New EU Waste Shipment Regulation (consultations)

  32. 9 – Final Key Points • the only global comprehensive MEA on hazardous wastes management; • brings a legal base to be used for further development of national policy; • far reaching and complex; • NO financial mechanism;

  33. For more information Visit the Basel Convention’s website: http://www.basel.int/

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