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Introduction to Phylum Porifera: Sponges' Diversity and Reproduction

Explore the diversity and reproduction methods of sponges through the different types of Phylum Porifera. Learn about their cellular organization, unique features like gemmules, and how they reproduce both asexually and sexually.

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Introduction to Phylum Porifera: Sponges' Diversity and Reproduction

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  1. PHYLUMPORIFERA • Level of body organization ? • Middle layer = ? Acellular matrix = location of structural elements (spicules & spongin) & has cells moving through it = archeocytes • Diagnostic cell type: ?

  2. PHYLUMPORIFERA • CELLULAR level of body organization • Middle layer = MESOHYL Acellular matrix = location of structural elements (spicules & spongin) & has cells moving through it = archeocytes • Diagnostic cell type: CHOANOCYTE = flagellated collar cell – the flagellated collar cell

  3. The Three TYPES of Sponges Syconoid = middle-sized Asconoid = smallest Leuconoid = Largest

  4. PHYLUM Porifera TYPE ? In the jar, these sponge specimens look like white or transparent plant roots.. In lab you could only look at a whole specimen (as above) in a jar or at prepared slides.

  5. PHYLUM Porifera TYPE Asconoid NOTE: Many of our slide specimens have been stained red or green. (Look like……..??????) This is the smallest and simplest sponge type. (i.e. they are too small to dissect.) Name often used for this most primitive unit?

  6. PHYLUM Porifera TYPE Asconoid BSU – Basic Sponge Unit. Choanocytes are located in the spongocoel. What is the function of a gemmule?

  7. PHYLUM Porifera TYPE ? Name this hole? What is this?

  8. PHYLUM Porifera TYPE Asconoid Note: Spicules at the neck of the osculum Bud Terms you need to know:spicules, spongocoel, bud & Osculum.Compare to fig 1.3-A in your lab manuals.

  9. Incurrent Pores (Ostia), Porocytes and Prosopyles • Incurrent pores or ostia are the openings through which water first enters a sponge. These are usually formed by several cells. • The PROSOPYLE is the name given to the entry hole/channel/pore leading into the area of choanocytes. It is formed by one donut- shaped cell, the porocyte.

  10. Asconoid Sponges As an incurrent pore or ostium, this opening brings water directly into the sponge. It also serves as a prosopyle, bringing water into contact with the choanocytes lining the spongocoel. Thus it has a dual function. Thus the incurrent pore or ostium is serves as a prosopyle. The actual opening is formed by 1 cell, the porocyte.

  11. Syconoid Sponges The ostia/incurrent pores in syconoid sponges are generally made of several cells. Water enters the sponge through these pores and moves into the incurrent canal. Water leaves this area to enter the radial canal (area of choanocytes) via the prosopyle – (a porocyte cell) Water leaves the area of choanocytesvia a much larger pore, made by many cells = the apopyle.

  12. PHYLUM Porifera TYPE Syconoid Note the prominent spicules The choanocytes are located in the radial canals. These are the ‘middle-sized’ sponges.

  13. O Ostia I A R S I P S PHYLUM Porifera TYPE Syconoid l.s. & c.s. views l.s. I I R R Water flow:Ostium -> Incurrent canal (I) -> Prosopyle channel (P) (a porocyte) ->Radial canals (R) (area of choanocytes) -> Apopyle channel (A) -> Spongocoel (S) -> Osculum (O)

  14. Choanocytes are located where?

  15. PHYLUM PoriferaTYPE Leuconoid These are examples of the most complex sponge type. The choanocytes are located in the many flagellated chambers. Any large sponge is most likely a leuconoid - type sponge.

  16. Leuconoid Sponges The ostia (several cells) allow water to enter incurrent canals. Water leaves these to enter the flagellated chambers (area of choanocytes) via the prosopyles (porocytes)

  17. ASEXUAL Marine Budding Fragmentation Regeneration Freshwater sponges Gemmules + 3 methods above SEXUAL Male & female gametes are formed. Archeocytes become eggs Choanocytes filter sperm out of the water Fertilization is involved. Planktonic larvae or mini flagellated colonies are released to colonize newareas. Sponge Reproduction Sponges are usually monoecious but can be dioecious

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