ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY

1. ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY

2. Objective • To name body system and functions • Identify body cavities • List the divisions of the back and analyze new term related to organs and tissue.

3. BODY SYSTEMS The body is composed of • Cells e.g muscle, nerve, skin • Tissues e.g muscle tissue, epithelial tissue • Organ e.g stomach • Systems e.g digestive tract

4. There are 11 systems of the body, Circulatory system Lymphatic system Digestive system Endocrine system Female and male reproductive system Musculoskeletal system Nervous system Respiratory system Skin and sense organ system Urinary system

5. Circulatory system • Definition: Circulation is the movement of substances like nutrients and gases within blood vessels and cavities throughout the organism. • Circulatory system is made up of the heart, blood, and blood vessles such as arteries, veins, and capillary.

6. The circulatory system is an organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids, electrolytes and lymph), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis.

7. Lymphatic system • The lymphatic system is the part of the immune system comprising a network of conduits called lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph (from Latin lympha "water") toward the heart. • Lymph contains white blood cells called lymphocytes that fight against disease and play an important role in immunity.

8. Digestive system • Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller components that are more easily absorbed into a blood stream, for instance. Digestion is a form of catabolism: a breakdown of large food molecules to smaller ones. • food that cannot be broken down is removed from the body at the end of the system. • example of organ: esophagus, colon

9. Endocrine system • The endocrine system acts with nervous system to coordinate the body's activities. • Both systems enable cells to communicate with others by using chemical messengers. • The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called hormones that are transported by the circulatory system (blood). They act on target cells that may be anywhere in the body. • Example: pituitary gland, ovaries

10. Female and male reproductive system • The reproductive system or genital system is a system of organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of reproduction. • The major organs of the human reproductive system include the external genitalia (penis and vulva) as well as a number of internal organs including the gamete producing gonads (testicles and ovaries). • E.g: uterus, ovaries, prostate gland

11. Musculoskeletal system • the system of muscles and tendons and ligaments and bones and joints and associated tissues that move the body and maintain its form body, organic structure, physical structure - the entire structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being); • e.g: vertebrae, coccyx

12. Nervous system • The nervous system is an organ system containing a network of specialized cells called neurons that coordinate the actions of an animal and transmit signals between different parts of its body. • It carries electrical messages to and from the brain and spinal cord • E.g spinal cord, cerebrum

13. Respiratory system • In humans and other animals, the anatomical features of the respiratory system include airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles. Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous external environment and the blood. • E.glarynz, trachea, lungs, pharynx, bronchial tubes

14. Skin and sense organ system • A structure which is a receptor for external or internal stimulation. A sense organ is often referred to as a receptor organ. • It includes -------,------,-------,and -------- etc

15. Urinary system • The urinary system (also called the excretory system) is the organ system that produces, stores, and eliminates urine. In humans it includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, the urethra, and two sphincter muscles. • E.gureters, urethra and kidneys

16. Body cavities • A body cavity is a space that contains organs. • There are 5 cavities in the body • Cranial cavity • Thoracic cavity (chest cavity) • Abdominal cavity-space below the thoracic cavity • Pelvic cavity • Spinal cavity

18. The thoracic cavity

19. Abdominal cavity • Is the space below the thoracic cavity. Made up of the following: • Diaphragm • Peritoneum helps attaches abdominal organs to the abdominal muscles to hold it to place • Abdominal Organs includes stomach, liver, gallbladder, small and large intestines.

20. Abdominal cavity

21. Pelvic cavity • It contains the following organs • Urinary bladder • Ureters • Urethra • Rectum and anus • Uterus in females

22. Divisions of the back • The spinal column is a long row of bones (vertebra) from the neck to the tailbone otherwise. • A connective tissue called a disk lies between each backbone. • Made of 33 backbone

25. Planes of the body The body can be viewed in different planes • Frontal (coronal) plane: divides the body into front and back or anterior and posterior portion. • Sagital (lateral) plane: divides the body vertically into right and left halves. • Transverse (axial) plane: a horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions.

27. Combining forms

28. Combining forms