1 / 11

Chapter 18

Chapter 18. Urbanization and Location. Introduction. In 1950, only slightly more than 50% residents in Western Europe lived in cities (Figure 18-1 A) Now 50% of world population reside in cities. (18-1 B)

louis
Download Presentation

Chapter 18

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 18 Urbanization and Location

  2. Introduction • In 1950, only slightly more than 50% residents in Western Europe lived in cities (Figure 18-1 A) • Now 50% of world population reside in cities. (18-1 B) • Cities grew by agglomeration, the spatial process of clustering by commercial enterprises for mutual advantage and benefit. • Specialization - certain industries grew to dominate the manufacturing sector to such a degree that their products and the names of the cities became almost synonymous. Ex. Detroit, Silicon Valley, Pittsburgh Steelers…. • “Hinterland”- German word, the land behind the city. • Figure 18-6 Urban population as a percentage of the Total population

  3. Ranking Urban Centers Consider functions Urban hierarchy • At what point, a hamlet become a village, a village a town, a town a city? From Boston to D.C. called “Bosnywash” Towns-e.g. banks, furniture stores library, schools and with hinterland (smaller villages and hamlets). Centrality of the town- economic attraction from the surrounding villages Megalopolises Cities- commercial center (CBD), suburbs City, larger hinterland and greater centrality Towns, more specialized services, Villages with specialization of services Hamlet with service

  4. Place and Location • Shenzhen-grows from 20,000 to 3.1 million within 30 yrs. Why? Geography - located next to Hong Kong, it’s called “situation” relative location, the first factor controlling the development of cities and towns • Situation improves - 1) Paris 2) Chicago - air, railroad, and road center. Vast hinterland, natural resources • Situation deteriorates: Berlin

  5. Urban Site • Site - the actual physical qualities of the place a city occupies. • It was “site” not situation led to the founding of Paris, “Île de la Cité” first settlement for it’s accessibility to water, security and defensibility. (figure 18-4), Expansion took place not too long, with no physical obstacles. • Mexico City - was one of the most gracious and attractive cities in the Americas, now is short of water, has smog-choke air, vulnerable to earthquakes (with 1000 immigrants each day) • Bangkok-ground surface subsidence due to the withdrawal of the groundwater and worse air pollution problems than Mexico City • 1965, seceded from Malaysia, Singapore’s site and situation made it successful. (figure 18-5)

  6. Urbanization in the 1990s -1 • Mexico, Cuba, France all in highest category. • Former Soviet Union - only Tajikistan is in low percentage of urbanization (28%) • South America - “cone” Argentina, Chili and Uruguay and Brazil, Venezuela all rank high. Only “three Guianas” (Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana) in low level. • Subsaharan Africa-Mostly low level urbanization, Tropical Africa only a few countries > 40%. South Africa at 57% due to the mining-industry in certain urban areas. • N Africa and Southwest Asia - variation in levels. But high urbanization is due to oil industry but not for Jordan which is old tradition. Low-leveled Afghanistan and high-level in oil-rich Libya.

  7. Urbanization in 90s -2 • South Asia - low level, India at 26% and Pakistan 28%, and Bangladesh only 16% • Southeast Asia - Singapore: the only 100% level urbanization country. Malaysia and Brunei > 50%. The rest are typical developing countries. • Pacific Rim - Japan, S Korea and Taiwan are high-level. • China = 25%

  8. Megalopolitan Regions • Megalopolitan regions in US: Boston to D.C., Chicago-Detroit-Pittsburgh, San Francisco-Los Angeles-San Diego and Montreal-Toronto-Windsor • The Netherlands : Randstad (ring-city) - an attempt to make “Amsterdam-Rotterdam-The Hague” a megalopolitan region is high on the national agenda. - with parks, spacious housing, good communications and public transportation and well-distributed social service

  9. Megacities • Many megacities in poorer countries, Mexico City, Shanghai, Calcutta, Mumbai, and Cairo. • By 2025, 15 cities with > 20 million population • Rate of growing in poor cities • “Pull” factor brings in many immigrants into the cities which live in urban housing of wretched quality. • Rate of growth (megacities) high: Africa , South Asia and mainland East Asia and South and Middle America. Slow-N America, southern S America and Australia. Western Europe - barely grow. • Shanghai - Pudong - special economic zone attracted 3 million, not too many live in squatter settlements like those of Calcutta

  10. Growing Cities • fast growing cities in Asia - Shanghai and Calcutta located at the mouths of rivers with colonial imprints - Chinese govt’ built special economic zone in Pudong • Zoning is lack in poorer countries - Madras in India - squatter settlements between high-rise buildings.... such incongruities may disappear due to high rising land values and demands for zoning regulations..

  11. City and Culture • Cultures in big cities - French Quarter, China Town, Little Havana, Italian Village.., Various city corners become ethnic and cultural entities

More Related