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Phylum Chordata

Explore the fascinating world of Fishes in the Vertebrata phylum, from the Jawless Agnatha like lampreys, to the Cartilaginous Chondrichthyes including sharks, and the Bony Osteichthyes like tuna. Learn about their unique characteristics and anatomy.

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Phylum Chordata

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  1. Phylum Chordata Chapter 14 - 2 The Fishes

  2. Vertebrata– The Backboned Animals • Characteristics • Most numerous & complex of Chordates • NTK 7 Classes • Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, • Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia • Spinal column replaces notochord • Anterior end of nerve cord modified into brain • Body usually divided into head, neck & trunk • Two pair of appendages (arms & legs) • Heart w/ 2, 3 or 4 chambers • Respiration – gills & lungs • Closed circulatory system • Endothermic or exothermic

  3. The Fishes • Water dwellers usually w/ gills, scales and fins • 3 main groups • 1. Agnatha - Jawless: lampreys and hagfish • 2. Chondrichthyes : Cartilaginous fishes: Sharks, skates and rays • 3. Osteichthyes: Bony Fishes: Tuna, salmon and bass

  4. Agnatha • Agnatha – is a “super”class of the subphyla Vertebrata and of the phylum Chordata • Greek “a” - without • Greek “gnatha” - jaw • Called the Jawless Fishes - Hagfish & Lampreys • Characteristics • Some do not consider them a true fish because adults have no backbone only a notochord. Skeleton is cartilaginous • Marine & freshwater, parasitic or scavengers with external fertilization • Eel-like bodies, with 2 brains !! & 4 hearts ( 1 main brachial heart & 3 accessory hearts pump blood to liver, kidneys & to the body!! • Round sucker-like mouth w/ teeth used to bore into the side of their host fish

  5. Chondrichthyes Cartilaginous Fishes, they are true fish Sharks, skates and rays Skeleton is cartilaginous, only teeth are “calcified” a few sharks have some of their cartilage calcified (different from “bone”) Internal fertilization Two chambered heart Skates & rays have flattened wing-like bodies; some w/ whip-like tails & poisonous spines Largest fish is the whale shark – reaching over 40 feet long & feeds on plankton

  6. Chondrichthyes

  7. External Shark Anatomy Ampullae of Lorenzini Males have 2 “claspers” medial to the pelvic fins to aid in fertilization, females do not have these.

  8. Internal Shark Anatomy 18. Left lobe liver 19. right lobe liver. 20. Gall bladder 21. Stomach 22. duodenum 23. Ilium 30. Spleen 33. Bile duct 34. Testes 39. Heart

  9. Osteichthyes Boney fish – salmon, trout, bass, perch, sardines, etc. Largest class of vertebrates boney skeletons with a boney gill plate - operculum Air Bladder adjusts the density of the fish in the water column 2 chambered heart Lateral line present in most – sense organ that can detect movement, pressure changes and vibrations in the surrounding water

  10. Boney Fish External Anatomy

  11. Boney Fish Internal Anatomy

  12. Can you identify these external structures?

  13. Can you identify these internal structures?

  14. That’s it for the fishes…Next up are the amphibians & reptiles

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