ENEL 353 Digital Circuits

1. ENEL 353Digital Circuits Norm Bartley and Steve Norman Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits

2. Today • Introduction • Digital vs. Analog • Course Overview • Course Format ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits

3. Introduction • Digital Communication Systems. • Transportation of information in digital electronic form. • HDTV, digital satellite radio, etc. • Mobile phone technology: 5G on the way! • The Internet! • Computer Systems. • Calculators, PCs, parallel computing and supercomputers. • Games consoles (PlayStation, Xbox, Wii). • Microcontrollers and embedded systems. Digital Systems are everywhere! ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits

4. The Univac I (1951) • 5200 vacuum tubes • 13 tonnes, 125 KW • $1.25M a pop • 525 msec addition time • 2150 msec multiplication • The Intel Core i7 8-core (2018) • 3 billion+ transistors • 84 W • $499.99 a pop (3.6 GHz) • ~286 psec cycle time • Advanced ILP; AVX2 technology, etc. 67 years ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits

5. Consumer electronics. • Audio recordings on CDs stored as 16-bit signed integers, 44.1 KHz sample rate. • MP3-recorded music and audio for download. • DVDs, Blu-Ray, 4K discs. Podcasts, video on demand. • Smart phones and tablets. • Handheld and mobile GPS systems. ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits

6. Digital signal processing systems. • Extracting useful information from digitized electric signals. • Remote sensing, satellite technology. • Solar system exploration (e.g., the moon, asteroids, all of the planets). Pluto! (5 billion km away)

7. Many Other Applications. • Control of fuel-air mixtures in fuel-injections systems controlled by embedded processors. • Advanced robotics, autonomous vehicles. • Computer-generated graphics. • Household appliances. • Etc… ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits

8. Analog vs. Digital • Real-world “Analog” signals. In the real world of electrical systems, electrical quantities such as voltage and current are continuous-level as a function of continuous-time. This might be part of a speech or music waveform as produced by a microphone. ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits

9. Digital-world signals (e.g., on a music CD). In the digital world, such a voltage or current signal would be represented with discrete levels and discrete time. Thus, on a CD, the music is represented as a sequence of integers: short int foo[] = {4635, 4419, 4234, 897, -1344, -2873, ….}; ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits

10. Back and forth between digital and analog signals. We must be able to convert analog voltages to numbers, and also convert numbers back to analog voltages. ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits

11. Representation of numbers. In any digital system, numbers are represented in terms of the binary number system, or radix (base) 2 numbers. • Organized as groups of bits called words (16-bit words in the case of digitized music). • Each bit can have one of exactly two states: • TRUE, ON, SET, asserted, logic-1, etc. • FALSE, OFF, CLEARED, de-asserted, logic-0, etc. • This is our first topic in ENEL 353! ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits

12. Course Overview • Number systems and codes. • Expressing numbers in any radix, such as the decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal number systems. • How to represent negative numbers using sign/magnitude and two’s complement. • Introduction to simple binary codes: • Gray codes; • Binary-coded decimal; • Etc. ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits

13. Boolean Algebra. • The theorems and postulates of Boolean algebra. • Algebraic expressions and how to manipulate them using the theorems. • Important algebraic forms: • Sum-Of-Products (SOP) and Product-Of-Sum (POS) forms; • Canonical and minimal SOP and POS forms. ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits

14. Combinational Circuits. • Circuit analysis and design. • Using AND, OR, and NOT gates. • Using NAND and NOR gates. • Methods to simplify circuit designs: • Algebraic manipulation; • Karnaugh maps. ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits

15. Combinational Circuit Modules. • Ready-built combinational circuit building blocks: • Exclusive-OR functions; • Digital Adders, Subtractors; • Encoders and decoders; • Multiplexers. ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits

16. Synchronous Sequential Logic Circuits • Latches and flip-flops. • Meely and Moore machine models. • State diagrams and tables. • Analysis of synchronous sequential logic circuits. • Design of synchronous sequential logic circuits. ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits

17. Sequential Circuit Modules • Ready-built sequential-circuit modules: • Registers (parallel registers and shift registers); • Binary counters. • Introduction to Memory Arrays • Read-Only Memories (ROMs). • Programmable Logic Arrays (PLAs). ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits

18. Course Format • Calculator Policy • Students may use any calculator of their choosing for assignments and studying; however, they must use one of the following sanctioned Schulich School of Engineering calculators for all exams and quizzes: Casio FX-260, Casio FX-300MS, Texas Instruments TI- 30XIIS. • Final Grade Determination The final grade in this course will be based on the following components: • Assignments: 0% • Quizzes: 15% • Laboratory Work: 15% • Midterm Exam: 20% • Final Exam: 50% A mark of 35% or higher on the final exam is needed to pass the course as a whole. ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits

19. Primary Course Textbook David M. Harris and Sarah L. Harris, “Digital Design and Computer Architecture,” Second Edition, Morgan-Kaufmann, 2013 (ISBN 978-0-12-394424-5). • Also ENCM 369 Textbook Hang on to this text for ENCM 369 in the Winter term! The book perfectly serves both ENEL 353 and ENCM 369, plus has useful information for third-year ENEL/ENCM courses. ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits

20. A Useful Reference ENEL 353 textbook used in 2005-2007, 2011-2012: Alan B. Marcovitz, “Introduction to Logic Design,” Third Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2010 (ISBN 978-0-07-319164-5). • Another Useful Reference ENEL 353 textbook used in 2008-2010: Svetlana N. Yanushkevich and Vlad P. Shmerko, “Introduction to Logic Design,” First Edition, CRC Press, 2008 (ISBN 978-1-4200-6094-2). ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits

21. Problem Assignments. • Regular problem assignments will be given out of the course textbook. • For practice only; not marked. • Assignments and solutions will both be posted. • Quizzes. • 4 quizzes spaced out through the term. • Will be run in the tutorial period (unless otherwise stated). • Laboratories. • Designed to support and extend lecture material (ENA 301 and 305). • Four of ‘em: • Introduction to Digital Circuits; • Design and CPLD-Implementation of Digital Arithmetic Circuits; • Design and CPLD-Implementation of Combinational Circuits; • Design and CPLD-Implementation of Sequential Circuits; ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits

22. Primary Course Website. Http://people.ucalgary.ca/~nbartley/Enel353 Contains up-to-date course information and announcements, laboratory information, past examinations, quiz solutions, as well as laboratory, quiz, and examination scheduling. • D2L (Secondary Course Website). For “precious” password-protected stuff, including lab handouts, assignments and solutions, and student grades. ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits

23. Assembly Points • If an alarm sounds, evacuate the building or proceed to the designated indoor emergency assembly point. • Lectures in ENE 243, tutorials in TI Forum • Seek refuge in: MSC North Courtyard. • Labs in ENA 301/305 • Seek refuge in: ICT Food Court ENEL 353 – Digital Circuits

24. Welcome to ENEL 353! • This week and next week in the course: • No tutorial. • No labs. • Subsequent weeks of the course: • Labs start in the third week of classes with B02 on Monday, September 16. • Tutorials start in the third week, Tuesday, September 17, 3:30 PM. ENJOY! ENEL 353 -- Digital Circuits