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Talking Islam Saeed A. Khan Wayne State University

Talking Islam Saeed A. Khan Wayne State University. Pre-Islamic Arabia (c.570 CE). Tribal Culture Patriarchal Society Polytheism. Mecca. Major Commercial & Trade Center Major Religious Focal Point Kaaba- Noble Sanctuary 360 Idols. Muhammad. Member of the Quraysh (ruling tribe of Mecca)

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Talking Islam Saeed A. Khan Wayne State University

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  1. Talking IslamSaeed A. KhanWayne State University

  2. Pre-Islamic Arabia(c.570 CE) • Tribal Culture • Patriarchal Society • Polytheism

  3. Mecca • Major Commercial & Trade Center • Major Religious Focal Point • Kaaba- Noble Sanctuary 360 Idols

  4. Muhammad • Member of the Quraysh (ruling tribe of Mecca) • Born c.570 CE • Businessman with trustworthy reputation

  5. Revelation • 610 CE during month of Ramadan • Angel Gabriel ordered Muhammad to recite “In the Name of Allah” • First revealed verse of Qur’an

  6. First Muslims • Muhammad’s Wife (Khadija) and close friends & family • Low key community • Persecution from Pagans • Flight to Madinah (622 CE)- Hejira- Start of Islamic Calendar

  7. Madinah • Muhammad the Statesman • Islam establishes the first state • Battles against Pagans • Ultimately, Muhammad takes Mecca with no bloodshed • Muhammad’s death- 632CE

  8. 5 Pillars of Islam • Declaration of Faith • Prayer • Fasting • Alms-Giving • Pilgrimage

  9. Declaration of Faith (Shahada) • “There is no God but God, & Muhammad is His Messenger” • Affirmation of Monotheism • Affirmation of Muhammad as A Messenger, not the ONLY Messenger

  10. Prayer (Salat) • 5 Daily Obligatory Prayers • Pre-Dawn (Fajr) • Early Afternoon (Zuhr) • Late Afternoon (Asr) • Post-Sunset (Maghrib) • Nighttime (Isha)

  11. Fasting (Saum) • Month of Ramadan • Abstinence from Sunrise to Sunset from Eating, Drinking, Marital Relations • Pursuit of Higher Level of Spirituality & Reflection

  12. Alms-Giving (Zakat) • 2.5% of Assets at Hand • “Cleanses” One’s Income • Prevents Hoarding of Wealth • Promotes Charity

  13. Pilgrimage (Hajj) • Journey to Mecca • Once in One’s Lifetime if Physically & Financially Able • Reenactment of rituals from the family of ABRAHAM

  14. The Ka’aba (Mecca, Saudi Arabia)

  15. Prophet’s Mosque (Medina, Saudi Arabia)

  16. 6 Articles of Faith • Belief in the Oneness of God • Belief in God’s Messengers • Belief in God’s Revealed Books • Belief in Angels • Belief in The Final Day • Belief in Divine Predestination • God knows, records, wills and has created everything

  17. God Rituals Remembrance Society (Family & Community) Social Justice Civic Duty Individual Dietary Regulations Health Issues Levels of Islamic Responsibility

  18. Sources of Authority in Islam • Qur’an (“Recitation”) • 114 “Chapters” (Surahs)/6000 Verses (Ayats)/30 “Sections” (Paras) • Revealed to Prophet Muhammad over a 22 year period (610-632CE) • Source of Law, Ethics, Spiritual Development • Sunna • Embodied in the Hadith –chronicle of Prophet’s teachings, sayings and actions • Corroborates and Expands on Quranic principles • e.g., Prayer

  19. Major Sects of Islam • Sunni • Shi’i

  20. Comparison of Sunni and Shi’i • Sunni • Decentralized Clergy • Caliph- administrative leader • Leader chosen from Ulema through consensus • Shi’i • Centralized Clergy • Imam- considered infallible • Leader chosen through patrilineage

  21. Islamic Contribution to Civilization • Philosophy • Translation & Preservation of Greek Philosophy Works • Expansion of Philosophical Concepts • Architecture & Art • Gothic Architecture; Arabesque Design; Geometric Patterns • No Depiction of Humans or Animals • Calligraphy • Science & Mathematics • Arabic Numbers & Zero; Fractions; Plane & Spherical Trigonometry • Algebra • Translation of Greek Texts • Medicine • Institutional Hospitals: Baghdad- first mental health hospital (10th Century) • Surgery under Anesthesia (12th Century) • Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (d.1037) • Poetry & Literature • Omar Khayyam (d.1131) (Persia) Rubaiyat • Rumi (d. 1273) (Turkey) Mathnawi

  22. Islamic Eras • Age of Growth: 1st Four Caliphs, Umayyad & Abbasid Dynasties • Age of Tolerance: Muslim Spain • Age of Empires: Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal • Age of Decline: Colonialism • Age of Uncertainty: Today & the Future

  23. History of Islam in America • Pre-“American” Era • Neo-American Era • Immigration • Indigenous Growth • Islam in the US Today

  24. First Mosques in America 1st mosque: Ross, North Dakota (1929) Oldest standing mosque: Cedar Rapids, Iowa (1934)

  25. Malcolm X Muhammad Ali Lupe Fiasco Shaquille (musician) O’Neal (NBA) Changing Face of Islam for America Sal Khan (Khan Academy)

  26. Fareed Zakaria CNN Congressman Andre Carson Changing Face of Islam in America Congressman Keith Ellison

  27. Dr. Mehmet Oz Shahid Khan, Owner: Jacksonville Jaguars, Fulham FC) Changing Face of Islam in America Ahmed Zewail, Nobel Prize, Chemistry 1996

  28. Linda Sarsour Farrah Pandith (fmr. State Dept) Changing Face of Islam in America Janet Jackson

  29. Islam in the US Today • 2.35 to 6-7 Million Muslims in the US (0.6-3%) out of 1.7 billion worldwide • 40% African American • 40% South Asian, Anglo-European, African & Hispanic • 20% Arab • Over 2500 Islamic Centers (most built in last 20 years) • Concentrations in New York, Detroit, Chicago & Los Angeles

  30. Islam in the World • 1.7 billion worldwide • 33% South Asian • 20% Southeast Asian • 20%African • 20% Arab • 7% European/Latino • Majority religion in 57 countries • Largest Muslim country: Indonesia • Second largest Muslim population: India • Second largest religion in many European countries

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