Sexually Transmitted Infections

1. Sexually TransmittedInfections

2. STI’S 2 Suppose you received an e-mail from a friend telling you that she/he may have a sexually transmitted disease. Your friend asks your advice as to whether she/he should tell their boyfriend/girlfriend. Write a response to your friend. Justify your response!

3. What is a Sexually Transmitted Infection or STI? • STI’s are infections that are spread from person to person through intimate sexual contact. • STI’s are dangerous because they are easily spread and it is hard to tell just by looking who has an STI. • 1 in 4 sexually active teens has an STI.

4. 1 in 4 teen girls has sexually transmitted disease;Virus that causes cervical cancer most common, government study finds.

5. Prevention is the Key • Abstinence, or not having oral, vaginal or anal sex, is the best way to protect yourself. • It is possible to get an STD even without having intercourse through skin-to-skin contact. • Use latex condoms correctly for any type of sex (vaginal, oral or anal) from start to finish.

6. Chlamydia Gonorrhea Genital Herpes (HSV-2) Genital Warts (HPV) Hepatitis B HIV and AIDS Pubic Lice Syphilis Trichomoniasis Common STI’s

7. How do I know if I have an STI? • Most people who have an STI have no symptoms. A test from your health care provider or local health clinic may be the only way to tell for sure if you're infected. • If you do become infected, symptoms may appear right away. Or, they may not show up for weeks or months or even years. They may come and go. Even if the signs and symptoms go away, you can still infect other people if you have sex with them. Or, they can still infect you!

8. Common Symptoms for Girls Some symptoms you may have are: • Sores, bumps or blisters near your genitals, anus (butt hole) or mouth • Burning or pain when you urinate (pee) • Itching, bad smell or unusual discharge from your vagina or anus (butt hole) • Bellyache (pain in your lower abdomen) • Bleeding from your vagina between your menstrual periods • Remember: Sometimes symptoms don't show up for weeks or months or years.

9. Common Symptoms for Guys Some symptoms you may have are: • Sores, bumps or blisters near your genitals, anus (butt hole) or mouth • Burning or pain when you urinate (pee) • Drip or discharge from your penis • Itching, pain or discharge from your anus (butt hole) • Remember: Sometimes symptoms don't show up for weeks or months.

10. What do I do if I have symptoms? • If you think you have an STI you need to see a healthcare provider for treatment. • If you feel nervous about getting checked for STDs, take a few deep breaths and try to relax. You may be shy about having doctors and nurses look at your genitals. The tests are usually quick, and it may help to remember that the nurses and doctors are there to help you, and do this kind of test all the time.

11. How will they know I have an STI? • The doctor or nurse will probably ask for you to pee in a cup. They can look under a microscope at the organisms in your urine. • Some STI’s are diagnosed by taking a swab of the vagina or penis for secretions. • Other STI’s can be diagnosed by looking at the sores or bumps on your genitals. • Some STI’s are diagnosed by testing your blood.

12. Chlamydia • Caused by bacteria called Chlamydia Trachomatis. • Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. • Chlamydia is curable. • Your healthcare provider will give you antibiotics for treatment. • Anyone with whom you’ve had sex will also need to be treated

13. Females might have: nosymptoms at all (up to 70% of women don't have any symptoms) change in color, amount or odor of vaginal discharge irregular vaginal bleeding or spotting pain during sexual intercourse abdominal pain Males might have: no symptoms at all (up to 50% of men don't have any symptoms) pain during urination clear mucus-like discharge from the penis slight irritation or itch at the tip of the penis SYMPTOMS OF CHLAMYDIA

14. Gonorrhea • Caused by a bacteria known as Neisseria gonorrhoeae. • Gonorrhea is treatable. • Your healthcare provider will give you antibiotics for treatment. • Anyone with whom you’ve had sex will also need to be treated

15. Gonorrhea Symptoms In Men Include: Burning Sensation When Urinating. Yellowish Discharge From The Penis. Painful Or Swollen Testicles. A Sore Throat. Gonorrhea Symptoms In Women Include: Burning Sensation When Urinating. Yellowish vaginal Discharge. Vaginal Bleeding. Painful Bowel Movements. GONORRHEA SYMPTOMS

16. Genital Herpes (HSV-2) • HSV-2 is caused by the herpes virus. • You can still get HSV-2 even when you use a condom. • After contracting the herpes virus you will have it FOREVER. There is NO cure. • A doctor can prescribe antiviral medication to help control recurring outbreaks and clear up painful sores. Herpes on face

17. Fever. Swollen Glands. Blisters And Bumps. A Sore Throat. GENITAL HERPES SYMPTOMS

18. Genital warts are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). There is NO cure for the virus. You may have more outbreaks and you can spread the virus to anyone you have sex with. You can still get HPV even when you use a condom. Some warts can be dissolved with special medication or the doctor can “freeze” them off with a special chemical. Genital Warts (HPV)

19. Papules with irregular, verrucous surface, located around both the external genitalia or the anus. GENITAL WARTS SYMPTOMS

20. Hepatitis B • Hepatitis is a disease of the liver. • Hepatitis B is transmitted person to person through blood and body fluids. • There is no treatment for the virus after it has been contracted. • The only treatment is prevention: • Abstain from sex • Always use latex condoms • Avoid contact with other people’s blood • Get immunized

21. Initial or primary infection may not cause any significant symptoms,   However, fatigue, loss of appetite (anorexia) and malaise may be experienced.  Jaundice is a common symptom (affecting over 50% of adults with clinically significant disease).  In addition, vomiting and occasionally arthritis or a rash can be caused by HBV infection.  HEPATITIS B SYMPTOMS

22. HEPATITIS C • Hepatitis C is a virus-caused liver inflammation which may cause jaundice, fever, and cirrhosis. The people most at risk for contracting and spreading hepatitis C are those who share needles for injecting drugs and health care workers or emergency workers who may be exposed to contaminated blood.

23. AIDS is one of the most deadly diseases in history. AIDS is caused by HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus). HIV destroys the body’s defense system (the immune system). Thousands of teens in the U.S. become infected each year. HIV and AIDS

24. How do you get HIV? • HIV can be transmitted from an infected person to another person through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. • People who have another STD are at higher risk for contracting HIV during sex with infected partners.

25. Many people do not know they have it. Symptoms may not appear for up to 10 years. Some people may feel and look healthy for years while they are infected with HIV. It is possible to infect others with HIV, even if the person has absolutely no symptoms. How do people know they have HIV?

26. Extreme weakness and fatigue Rapid weight loss Frequent fevers with not explanation Heavy sweating at night Swollen lymph glands Minor infections that cause skin rashes and mouth, genital, and anal sores. White spots in the mouth or throat Chronic diarrhea A cough that won’t go away Short-term memory loss Symptoms of AIDS

27. How is HIV treated? • There is NO cure. • If you think you or your partner may have HIV or AIDS you need to see a healthcare provider who can do blood tests. • Prevention is the only way to protect yourself from contracting the virus.

28. Lice on eye Pubic Lice (Crabs) • Pubic lice are tiny insects that can crawl from the pubic hair of one person to the pubic hair of another person during sex. • You will be prescribed or told to buy medication that kills the lice and their eggs. • You will also need to dry clean or use very hot water to wash all of your bedding, towels, or recently worn clothing to kill the lice. • Tell your partner. • Pubic lice can be spread even when you use a condom.

29. irritation and itching in the genital area There are three stages in a genital crabs life. Nit: This is the egg stage of Pubic Lice Nymph: After the pubic lice hatch they are called nymphs they look the same as adult crabs but are smaller in size Adult: About one week after hatching genital crabs reach maturity and become adults PUBIC LICE SYMPTOMS

30. known as "body lice" tiny parasitic mites called Sarcoptes scabei that live on and under your skin. Scabies Symptoms usually start within 3 to 6 weeks after being infected with the tiny body lice. SCABIES

31. Intense itching all over your body but mostly in more sensitive areas like armpits in between your toe's and in your genital areas. Other Scabies symptoms include: An Unusual Rash Itchy Pimples Or Bumps Open Wounds Bleeding SCABIES SYMPTOMS

32. BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS • Bacterial vaginosis is a swelling and irritation of the vaginal tissue resulting in inflammation. Bacterial vaginosis appears to be caused by an overgrowth of several types of bacteria, some requiring oxygen while others do not. While these bacteria are normally present in the vagina, an overgrowth may cause symptoms of irritation and inflammation. • Flagyl antibiotic

33. Gray, thin, fishy-smelling discharge, often with pruritus and irritation; no dyspareunia BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS SYMPTOMS

34. Syphilis • Caused by bacteria called Trepenoma pallidum. • If not treated Syphilis can be very dangerous and can cause brain damage and other serious health problems. • If you are diagnosed as having the disease you can be treated with antibiotics. • Anyone with whom you’ve had sex will also need to be treated

35. 4 STAGES OF SYPHILIS Stage 1, the primary stage, begins with a small sore which is relatively painless wherever the disease was initially transmitted and swollen lymph nodes in the groin. Stage 2, the secondary stage, may occur after the initial signs have disappeared. The secondary stage is typically accompanied by a rash that leaves reddish brown sores about the size of a penny all over the body, fatigue, fevers, a general feeling of uncomfortable but unidentifiable illness, and body soreness and aches. These symptoms may disappear often for as long as a year, returning within a few weeks of their disappearance, only to disappear again. For someone who does not understand the nature of syphilis or the symptoms, it can be very confusing for the patient. Stage 3, which is known as the latent stage, may have no symptoms at all. At this stage, syphilis may have actually simply disappeared, or it may slumber and return in the final stage. Either way, syphilis can still be passed from person to person regardless of whether or not symptoms are present. The final stage, the tertiary stage, is the most dangerous stage, as the bacteria often spreads and causes damage to the internal organs, including the brain, and the cardiovascular system. Deafness, visual problems, heart problems, and dementia are just a few of the potential symptoms from syphilis which reaches the final stage.

36. Trichomoniasis • Sometimes called “trich” it is a parasite that can be passed from person to person during sexual intercourse. • One of the most common STD’s • Can be passed on via damp towels, washcloths, and bathing suits if someone has the parasite. • If you have the disease your healthcare provider will give you antibiotics. • Anyone with whom you’ve had sex will also need to be treated.

37. In men, trichomoniasis is rare and most men will not have symptoms. For men symptoms may include: mild discharge irritation or redness at the top of the penis burning during urination Men may often become unknowing carriers of trich infections. Treatment is required to ensure that a trich infection is completely gone About half of women will have symptoms of a trich infection. For women, symptoms may include: Discharge from the vagina Vaginal odour Pain during intercourse or urination Irritation or itchiness of the vagina TRICHOMONIASIS SYMPTOMS

38. What Happens if I don’t get treated? • If you have an STD and don’t get treatment you can have some long-term effects such as: • Infertility (Unable to have babies) • Cancer • Long-term pain • Can pass disease from mother to baby • Death

39. It is much easier to prevent an STI than to cure one. The ONLY way to prevent STI’s is to abstain from ALL types of sexual contact. However, if you have sex, you must use a latex condom, EVERY TIME. However, condoms do not always protect you from STI’s such as HSV-2, HPV, and Pubic Lice. Remember, just because you and your partner may be monogamous with each other, the risk of getting an STI is increased by the number of previous sexual partners either partner has had. Conclusion

40. References • www.iwannaknow.org • www.kidshealth.org • www.lib.uiowa.edu • www.healthac.org • www.afraidtoask.com • www.herpes-coldsores.com/std/pictures • www.nehc.med.navy.mil/hp/images/std_pictures • Developed by Bridget Robinson, RN, BSN,SNM • University of Kansas School of Nursing HETC Project