1 / 24

Blood

Blood. Functions of Blood. Specialized connective tissue Functions include: Transporting dissolved gases Transporting and distributing nutrients Transporting metabolic wastes Transporting and delivering enzymes and hormones Stabilizing pH and electrolyte composition of interstitial fluids

love
Download Presentation

Blood

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Blood

  2. Functions of Blood • Specialized connective tissue • Functions include: • Transporting dissolved gases • Transporting and distributing nutrients • Transporting metabolic wastes • Transporting and delivering enzymes and hormones • Stabilizing pH and electrolyte composition of interstitial fluids • Restrict fluid loss through clotting reaction • Defending the body against toxins and pathogens • Stabilizing body temperature

  3. Composition of Blood • Plasma – liquid matrix of blood • Formed elements – blood cells and cell fragments • Whole blood – mixture of plasma and formed elements • Blood amounts and other details • Males 5-6L of blood • Females 4-5L • pH 7.35-7.45

  4. Plasma • 55% of whole blood is plasma • 92% of plasma is water • 7% of plasma is protein • 60% of plasma proteins are albumins • Osmotic pressure of plasma and transport of fatty acid steroid hormones • 35% of plasma proteins are globulins • Immunoglobulins – antibodies • Transport globulins • 4% of plasma proteins are fibrinogen • Clotting reaction

  5. Formed Elements • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Platelets

  6. Red blood cells • About half the volume of blood • Hematocrit – measure of RBC’s in whole blood • Average male 46% • Average female 42% • RBC’s carry oxygen and carbon dioxide • RBC’s have unusual biconcave shape • Strength and flexibility • Large surface area for rapid diffusion of gases • Average life span of 120 days

  7. Anatomy of a red blood cell

  8. Hemoglobin • 95% of a RBC protein • Allows cells to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide • Four unit globular protein with a heme unit that contains iron to allow binding of oxygen • 280 million hemoglobin molecules per cell • 1 billion oxygen molecules carried per cell!

  9. Gas Exchange • Simple diffusion • Lungs • Oxygen diffuses into the RBC • Carbon dioxide diffuses out • Tissues • Oxygen diffuses out of the RBC into the surrounding tissues • Carbon dioxide diffuses into the RBC from the tissues

  10. Blood groups

  11. White Blood Cells • Also called leukocytes • Very small number present in the blood • Provide protection against disease • Divided into two groups based on appearance • Granulocytes • Aganulocytes

  12. Granulocytes • Neutrophils – 50-70% of WBC’s • Active phagocytic cells – engulfs bacteria • Eosinophils – 2-4% of WBC’s • Phagocytic cell – parasitic infections • Basophils – less than 1% of WBC’s • Contain histamine granules • Inflammation at site of injury • Allergic reactions

  13. Agranulocytes • Monocytes – 2-8% of WBC’s • Enter peripheral tissue and become macrophages • Monocytes and macrophages are active phagocytic cells • Lymphocytes – 20-30% of WBC’s • Very small cells • Responsible for specific immunity • T cells • B cells

  14. Fig. 12.06

  15. Fig. 12.07

  16. Fig. 12.08

  17. Fig. 12.10

  18. Platelets • Fragments of a larger cell called a megakaryocyte • Life span of about 10-12 days • Platelets participate in the clotting reaction • HEMOSTASIS

  19. Platelets

  20. Hemopoiesis • Blood cell formation • Stem cells called hemocytoblasts produce all the blood cells in several steps • Erythropoiseis • Occurs in the red bone marrow • Regulated by the hormone erythropoietin • Leukopoiesis • Red bone marrow • Regulation not well understood

More Related