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Atomic Structure Notes

Learn about the fundamental components of an atom, including protons, neutrons, electrons, and the nucleus. Understand electron clouds, energy levels, and how to determine the atomic mass and number of an element. Discover how to calculate the number of neutrons in an atom.

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Atomic Structure Notes

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  1. Atomic Structure Notes

  2. Atomic Structure Atom • The smallest part of an element that has the same properties of the element Parts of an Atom (Subatomic Particles) • Smaller than an atom • Made up of protons, neutrons & electrons

  3. Nucleus • Where protons and neutrons are located • Center of an atom • Makes up 99% of the atomic mass

  4. Protons (p+) • Has a positive charge • Mass = 1 atomic mass unit (a.m.u.) • The number of protons determines which element it is (never changes) • Equal to the Atomic Number of an atom Neutrons • Has no charge • Mass = 1 atomic mass unit (a.m.u) • The number may vary (it makes isotopes) • Isotopes - atoms with the same number of protons, but have a different number of neutrons.)

  5. Electron Cloud • Where the electrons are found • It surrounds the nucleus • It is divided into shells (also known as rings or energy levels) • Electrons (e-) • Has a negative charge (opposite but equal to proton’s (p+) charge • Tiny mass – not counted • Arranged in energy levels • The number of protons = the number of electrons

  6. Energy Levels (Shells or Rings) • Electrons are found in rings based on the amount of energy they have. • The more energy they have the farther they are from the nucleus • Shells can only hold a certain number of electrons • 1st Shell: holds a maximum of 2 electrons • 2nd Shell: holds a maximum of 8 electrons • 3rd Shell: holds a maximum of 8 electrons

  7. Parts of an Atom Element Name Atomic Number Element Symbol Atomic Mass *56 is the Mass Number (atomic mass rounded to the nearest whole number)

  8. What APE MAN tells you… Your Atomic number = the number of Protons = the number of Electrons To find out the number of Neutrons…Take the Mass number –Atomic number

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