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Characteristics of Learners with Intellectual Differences

Characteristics of Learners with Intellectual Differences. An Overview. Same more than different. Some people describe the personalities in Myers-Briggs Terms Introversion-Extroversion Intuition – Sensing Thinking – Feeling Judging - Perceiving. Adaptations to use. Accommodations

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Characteristics of Learners with Intellectual Differences

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  1. Characteristics of Learners with Intellectual Differences An Overview

  2. Same more than different • Some people describe the personalities in Myers-Briggs Terms • Introversion-Extroversion • Intuition – Sensing • Thinking – Feeling • Judging - Perceiving

  3. Adaptations to use • Accommodations • Changes that enable the student to do the task assigned • Glasses • Large type • Books on tape • Adapted pencils • Using markers instead of pens or pencils

  4. Adaptations to use • Modifications • Changes the task • Reducing amount given • Teaching alternative tasks (functional curriculum) • Taking classes on-line instead on in class? • Constructing a diorama instead of writing a book report • Taking the bus instead of driving

  5. Learning • Capacity • Problem solving • Cognitive skills • Metacognition • Memory • Attention

  6. Metacognition • Ability to identify how one learns • Ability to evaluate, monitor, and adapt the learning process • Difficulties in this area • Planning • Evaluating • Organizing

  7. Attention • Difficulty focusing on a task • Difficulty getting started • Recognizing cues to start • Attention span • Maintaining attention • Selective attention

  8. Generalization • Transferring skills from one situation to another • Changes can be difficult

  9. Language development • Acquire language at a slower rate • Have limited vocabulary • Have speech problems • Develop inappropriate non verbal skills

  10. Physical development • Less physically fit • Smaller • Poor motor skills • More health problems • Difficulties of dual diagnoses

  11. Social • Personality characteristics are unique to each person • Persons with mental retardation may have immature behaviors • Persons with mental retardation may exhibit maladaptive behaviors

  12. Motivation • Locus of control • External vs internal • Expectation of failure • Learned helplessness • Outer-directedness

  13. Educational Considerations • Curriculum • Decisions should be based on the anticipated outcomes • Academics • Basic • General • Adapted • Functional

  14. Other considerations • Health • Family care • Job preparation • Sexuality • Social skills • Independent living skills • Recreational skills

  15. Teaching by domains • Domestic • Recreation and leisure • Vocational • Community • Look at skills student needs in these areas • Identify areas in which the student needs instruction • Provide the instruction in the context of the domain

  16. Other characteristics • Gender- primarily male • Ethnicity- there has been an over-representation of persons from minorities • Live in single parent families • Lower SES • Family has a lower income

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