Risk Management for Pilots and Flight Instructors November 8, 2011

1. Risk Managementfor Pilots and Flight Instructors November 8, 2011

2. A Crosswind Accident? The pilot lost control after the aircraft touched down on one wheel, swerved sharply, hit several runway lights, left the runway, and came to rest in the airport boundary fence. The winds were at 60-degree crosswind to the runway at 32 kts with gusts to 40. What caused this accident?

3. Risk Management: A Definition The part of the decision-making process that relies on • Situational awareness • Problem recognition, and • Good judgment to reduce risks associated with each flight.

4. Teaching Risk Management • Identifying hazards • Assessing risk • Understanding its time-critical nature • Including risk-management controlsin training

5. Teaching Judgment We’re trying to answer the enduring questions: • “Can you teach judgment?” • “If yes, how?”

6. Risk Management Before you make decisions, you must: 1. Identify risk factors (hazards) 2. Assess their likelihood 3. Evaluate their severity

7. Defining Terms: Hazard • A present condition, event, object, or circumstance that could lead to or contribute to an unplanned or undesired event such as an accident. • Is it a source of danger?

8. Defining Terms: Risk The future impact of a hazard that is not controlled or eliminated. 1. Future uncertainty created by the hazard. 2. If it involves skill sets, the same situation may yield different risks. 3. Could also be described as the “degree of uncertainty.”

9. Types of Risk • Total Risk: The sum of identified and unidentified risks. • Identified Risk: Risk that has been determined. • Unidentified Risk: Often identified only after an accident. • Unacceptable Risk: Can’t be tolerated. Must be eliminated or controlled. • Acceptable Risk: Identified but managed. • Residual Risk: Remains after mitigation attempts.

10. Risk Management • The method used to control, eliminate, or reduce hazards. • Unique to each individual based on skills, knowledge, training, and experience. • A decision-making process designed to systematically identify hazards, assess risk, and determine the best course of action.

11. Risk Assessment 3 SM visibility—is it a risk? • For a student pilot? • 100 hr VFR-only private pilot? • 500 hr IFR pilot flying in the mountains • 1,000 hr IFR pilot with 5 hr experience in a glass cockpit? • 1,500 hr ATP pilot flying in busy airspace? Photo AOPA Gallery

12. A Simple Test Ask three basic questions: • Is it safe? • Is it legal? • Does it make sense?

13. FITS Website

14. I’M SAFE Checklist

15. FAASTeam CFI Workshop #5 Risk Management Questions? Comments? Ideas? Quiz time

16. Risk Management Question #1 Which of the following are hazardous attitudes? a) Tormenter b) Macho c) Recluse d) Quarrelsome

17. Risk Management Question #2 Effective workload management ensures that essential operations are accomplished by planning, prioritizing, and sequencing tasks. True or False?

18. Risk Management Question #3 Is it a “Hazard” or a “Risk” that is a present condition, event, object, or circumstance that could lead to or contribute to an unplanned or undesired event such as an accident?

19. Risk Management Question #4 An excellent tool in making good aeronautical decisions is the D.E.C.I.D.E model. What are the six attributes of the model? • Detect, Estimate, Choose, Identify, Do, Evaluate • Drop, Evacuate, Criticize, Indemnify, Decimate, Exacerbate • Determine, Eliminate, Choose, Initiate, Divert, Evacuate • None of the above Answers follow ~

20. Risk Management Question #1 Which of the following are hazardous attitudes? a) Tormenter b) Macho c) Recluse d) Quarrelsome Answer ~ b) Macho – Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

21. Risk Management Question #2 Effective workload management ensures that essential operations are accomplished by planning, prioritizing, and sequencing tasks. True or False? Answer ~ True – Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

22. Risk Management Question #3 Is it a “Hazard” or a “Risk” that is a present condition, event, object, or circumstance that could lead to or contribute to an unplanned or undesired event such as an accident? Answer ~ “Hazard” – Risk Management Handbook

23. Risk Management Question #4 An excellent tool in making good aeronautical decisions is the D.E.C.I.D.E model. What are the six attributes of the model? Detect, Estimate, Choose, Identify, Do, Evaluate Drop, Evacuate, Criticize, Indemnify, Decimate, Exacerbate Determine, Eliminate, Choose, Initiate, Divert, Evacuate None of the above Answer ~ a) Detect, Estimate, Choose, Identify, Do, Evaluate