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Russia and the CIS

Human Geography. Russia and the CIS. Birth of an Empire. In the 800’s Vikings came and settled in the region with the Slavic peoples and the region began to expand. Invaders from Mongolia controlled the region from 1200 – 1500 and expansion was stopped. Ivan the Great.

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Russia and the CIS

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  1. Human Geography Russia and the CIS

  2. Birth of an Empire • In the 800’s Vikings came and settled in the region with the Slavic peoples and the region began to expand. • Invaders from Mongolia controlled the region from 1200 – 1500 and expansion was stopped.

  3. Ivan the Great • Often called Ivan the Terrible • This prince of Moscow put an end to the Mongol rule in the 1500’s • Was the first Tsar/Csar (King)‏ • United Russia & expanded their territory (conqueror)‏

  4. St. Basil’s Cathedral- in Moscow, RussiaLegend is that Ivan the Terrible had the architects’ eyes put out after they built this so that they could never build anything more beautiful somewhere else.

  5. Peter the Great (1672-1725)‏ • Peter the Great was crowned czar of Russia at the age of 10. • Peter tried to modernize Russia and bring it up to speed with the rest of Europe.

  6. He built St. Petersburg in 1703 as his “Window on the West“ to be close to Europe. He made it the new capital.

  7. Catherine the Great • Catherine the Great is remembered as one of the greatest reformers of Russia. • Pushed education • During her reign, Catherine continued the reforms begun by Peter the Great that ultimately led to the emergence of Russia onto the worldwide stage of politics.

  8. During Catherine's reign, Russia also achieved great military success and gained large tracts of land, including access to the Black Sea. Palace of Catherine the Great

  9. Industrial Revolution When the Industrial Revolution came to Russia, it resulted in harsh working conditions and low wages. People began to be angry at the czars who ruled Russia.

  10. Nicholas & Alexandra • In 1917, the Russian Revolution led by Marx and Lenin, had the last Czar and his family all killed. • Lenin took control of the government. • The Communist party took control of the economy.

  11. Russian revolution-1917

  12. Lenin speaking to crowd

  13. The Rise of the Soviet Union • In 1922, the Communist party organized the different peoples from Russia’s expansion into the Soviet Union. • The leaders ruled from their new capital, Moscow.

  14. MOSCOW (now the capital) St Basil’s cathedralKremlin (Gov’t HQ)‏

  15. Expansion

  16. Cold War • Stalin had taken over leadership by WWII • After the war, he imposed Communist governments in Eastern Europe. • The United States feared a new age of expansion and spreading of communism throughout the world. • Tensions between the US and USSR led to the Cold War.

  17. Communism • Communism was inspired by Karl Marx who believed that citizens should own property together and everyone would share in the wealth. • Soviet leaders adopted a command economy, where the central government makes all the important economic decisions. • The government also took control of all sources of the nation’s wealth, including land, mines, factories, banks, transportation.

  18. In reality, only a small number of individuals benefited from the changes • Many people protested but Stalin’s forces punished swiftly. • Estimates say that Stalin was responsible for 14 million deaths.

  19. Fall of the Soviet Union • A new Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, started to give more economic and political freedom to the Soviet people. • This led to the collapse of the Communist governments in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union.

  20. 15 Republics The region was divided into 15 independent republics with Russia being the largest and most powerful.

  21. Russian President Vladamir Putin

  22. Central Asia • Five republics in Central Asia: • Kazakhstan • Kyrgyzstan • Tajikistan • Turkmenistan • Uzbekistan

  23. Travelers first made their way across the region in large numbers around 100 B.C. • Many joined caravans making the 4,000 mile journey between China and Mediterranean Sea

  24. Silk Road • This route was called the Silk Road, after the costly silk they bough in China. • Also carried other goods including gold, silver, ivory, jade, wine, spices, amber, porcelain, perfumes • Silk road became a route for spreading ideas, technology, and religion

  25. Many cities were built along the silk road to take advantage of the trade. • Central Asia was in direct path and has much history based on the silk road

  26. Ethnic Groups • Large number of ethnic groups in Central Asia • 5 nations were made from five largest ethnic groups- Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tajik, Turkmen, Uzbek • However, borders deliberately left large numbers of one ethnic group as minorities in their neighboring republics of other ethnic groups

  27. Language and Religion • Differ in ethnicity, but unified by religion and language • Most practice Islam, which was brought by Muslim warriors in the 8th and 9th centuries • Most also speak languages related to Turkish- many also speak Russian

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