Future Information Networks and Applications

1. Future Information Networks and Applications Wen-Tsuen Chen Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu, Taiwan Presented in ICOIN-12, 1998, Tokyo, Japan

2. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Introduction National & Global Effects Future Information Networks Projects Conclusion

3. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Elements of An Information Network Communication Network Fabric: Internet, local area networks, wide area networks, wireless networks Information Servers: digital libraries, video servers Information Appliances: computers, mobile terminals, PDAs Distributed Environments Application Softwares and Services

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5. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Internet Protocols

6. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Milestones of Information Networks Arpanet introduced in 1969 TIME special issue �The New Age of Discovery: A Celebration of Mankind�s Exploration of the Unknown�

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9. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Milestones of Information Networks Arpanet introduced in 1969 TCP/IP, by V. Cerf and R. Kahn, in 1974 Ethernet, by R. M. Metcalfe et al., in 1976 Cellular telephones in 1978 PC introduced in early 1980s Proliferation of LANs and hence the Internet in mid 1980s Mosaic browser in 1993 and World-Wide Web Consortium in 1994

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16. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Technological Driving Forces Computer technology introduces cheap and fast information processing, huge information storage. IC technology makes highly compact and integrated systems possible. Networking technology makes effective information exchange. Internet users grow exponentially.

17. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Other Driving Forces Economical: Use of information technology to increase productivity, and lower inventory cost etc. Social: better quality of life, medical care, digital library etc. Political: To balance regional development, equal access to information.

18. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Current Statistics About World-Wide Web More than 100 millions of users expected around the world on the Web in 1999, compared with 25 millions in 1996 and 1 million in 1994 In 1997, 27.7 million users in US, 7 millions in Japan, 1.2 million in Taiwan (4 millions expected in 2000), and 300K in China (10 millions expected in 2000)

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20. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Demographics of Internet / WWW Users Surveyed 1,000 U. S. households in April 1997 by Louis Harris & Associates, Baruch College, commissioned by Business Week. Age: 45% are 40 or older. The Web is no longer a stomping ground just for young. Gender: 41% are female, up from 23% in Sept. 1995.

21. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Demographics of Internet / WWW Users Education: 27% are high school or less Income: 42% have annual incomes of more than US$50,000, while only 18% take in US$25,000 or less.

22. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Usage of the Internet / WWW The most common activity is searching for information (82% either sometimes or often). Education (75%), News (68%), Entertainment (61%), and Hobbies (52%). The least popular is shopping online (10%). However nearly one-quarter of users have purchased something either on the Internet or an online service.

23. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Usage of the Internet / WWW (cont.) The typical online shopper is affluent and advanced in age. 42% of those 65 or older have purchased something. Net merchants have the tools to aim their efforts at potential customers. Electronic commerce is coming of age.

24. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Usage of the Internet / WWW (cont.) The Internet becomes the infrastructure on which applications and services are based. Internet +Applications&Services = Information Networks

25. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University National & Global Efforts National Information Infrastructure (NII) of US. Advanced Information Infrastructure of Japan IT2000 of Singapore National Information Infrastructure of Taiwan Global Information Infrastructure

26. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University US National Information Infrastructure US President Clinton presented a vision of National Information Infrastructure (NII) for the 21st century The Goals of NII Increasing industrial competitiveness Balancing regional developments Enhancing social benefits

27. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Benefits of NII Enhance the competitiveness of the manufacturing base Increase the speed and efficiency of electronic commerce Improve health care delivery and control costs Promote quality educational and lifelong learning Make us more effective at environmental monitoring Easy access to digital libraries

28. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University NII Architecture Model

29. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Advanced Information Infrastructure of Japan Based on the June 1993 report by Information Industry Committee of Industrial Structure Council Proposed by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry in May 1994.

30. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Advanced Information Infrastructure of Japan (cont.) Dissemination of advanced information technology into Industry to improve work efficiency and productivity offices, corporate manufacturing systems, business transactions and product development, corporate research

31. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Advanced Information Infrastructure of Japan (cont.) Dissemination of advanced information technology into homes Diversified choice of information, such as electronic newspaper, digital library, virtual museum New services, such as home shopping and ticketing, remote education, online medical treatment

32. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Advanced Information Infrastructure of Japan (cont.) Dissemination of advanced information technology into public sector Education: remote education and learning Research: collaboration through information networks Medical and welfare services: medical databases, telemedicine, social participation of elderly people Digital libraries

33. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Benefits of the Advanced Information Infrastructure Dealing with the aging population Rectifying overconcentration in urban areas Reforming Japan�s economic structure Realizing a comfortable lifestyle International community-oriented cooperation Environmental concerns

34. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University The IT2000 of Singapore The IT2000 Vision was formulated in 1991 to construct an Intelligent Island in 2000 Fiber to every home

35. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University The IT2000 of Singapore (cont.) The five strategic thrusts: Developing a Global Hub Improving the Quality of Life Boosting the Economic Engine Linking Communities Locally and Globally Enhancing the Potential of Individuals

36. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University The NII of Taiwan Taiwan has initiated the NII development in 1994. Major experimental projects: Broadband Network Construction Electronic Commerce Distance Learning Telemedicine etc.

37. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University The NII of Taiwan (cont.) Five goals at the present stage : Promoting the use of Internet : to reach three million Internet users by 2000 Putting every middle school and primary school on Internet Developing Taiwan as an Internet hub in the Asia Pacific area Establishing a "Global Chinese Network Information Center" Developing a new industry of network multimedia

38. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Distance Learning in Taiwan The Science & Technology Advisory Office and Computer Center of Ministry of Education initiated the �Distance Learning Pilot Project�. In September 1994, Ministry of Education convened five national universities to setup �High Performance Network experimenting platforms�. Each university has several ATM switches connected locally and has a gateway to the national ATM backbone network.

39. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Distance Learning in Taiwan (cont.) In August 1995, Ministry of Education invited 10 National Universities, including NTU, NTHU...etc. to initiate �Pilot System for Distance Learning�. Their main tasks are: To setup main broadcasting classrooms To develop coursewares To evaluate effectiveness of distance learning

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41. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Distance Learning in Taiwan (cont.) In May 1996, 30 universities and colleges joined to promote this project, and provided 22 courses in all. In June 1997, the Executive Yuan approved the �Distance Learning Development Project� for 4 years. Currently more than 70 schools join the project and offer about 100 courses.

42. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Future Applications Electronic Commerce Webcasting Distance Education Telemedicine Digital Libraries Collaborative Research

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46. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Future Information Networks High bandwidth Quality of Service support Mobility support Security Network management

47. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Future Information Network Projects Next Generation Internet Internet2 IMT-2000 National Telecommunication Project in Taiwan

48. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Goals of NGI Experimental Research for Advanced Network Technologies Next Generation Network Fabric Revolutionary Applications

49. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Goal 1 : Experimental Research for Advanced Network Technologies Quality of service (QoS) Security and robustness Network management Systems engineering and operations New or modified protocols for routing, switching, multicast, reliable transport, security, and mobility Computer operating systems Collaborative and distributed application environments

50. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Goal 2 : Next Generation Network Fabric High-performance connectivity delivering 100X current Internet performance end-to-end (typically greater than 100+ Mbps end-to-end) Next generation network technologies and ultra-high-performance connectivity at 1000X current Internet performance end-to-end (typically greater than 1+ Gbps end-to-end and many Gbps in backbone circuits.)

51. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Goal 3 : Revolutionary Applications Health care Telemedicine, emergency medical response team support Education Distance education, digital libraries Scientific research Energy, earth systems, climate, biomedical research National security High performance global communications, advanced information dissemination

52. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Goal 3: Revolutionary Applications (cont.) Environment Monitoring, prediction, warning, response Government Delivery of government services and information to citizens and businesses Emergencies Disaster response, crisis management Design and manufacture Manufacturing engineering

53. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Internet 2 Mission Facilitate and coordinate the development, deployment, operation and technology transfer of advanced, network-based applications and network services and accelerate the availability of new services and applications on the Internet.

54. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University The Goals of Internet 2 Demonstrate new applications that can dramatically enhance researchers' ability to collaborate and conduct experiments. Demonstrate enhanced delivery of education and other services (e.g., health care, environmental monitoring) by taking advantage of "virtual proximity" created by an advanced communications infrastructure.

55. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University The Goals of Internet 2 (cont.) Support development and adoption of advanced applications by providing middleware and development tools. Facilitate development, deployment, and operation of an affordable communications infrastructure, capable of supporting differentiated Quality of Service (QoS) based on applications requirements of the research and education community.

56. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University The Goals of Internet 2 (cont.) Promote experimentation with the next generation of communications technologies. Coordinate adoption of working standards and common practices among participating institutions to ensure end-to-end quality of service and interoperability. Study impact of new infrastructure, services and applications on higher education and the Internet community in general.

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58. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University IMT - 2000 The ITU proposed the International Mobile Telecommunications - 2000 (IMT-2000), formerly known as FPLMTS(Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication System) in 1992. Aimed at providing mobile telecommunications anywhere and anytime and develop systems that could be used around the year 2000 Will operate in a frequency band around 2000 MHz

59. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University IMT-2000 Structure

60. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Key features and objectives Incorporation of a variety of systems A high degree of commonality of design world wide High quality and integrity Accommodation of a variety of types of terminals including the pocket size terminal Use of a small pocket terminal world wide Connection of mobile users to other mobile users or fixed users Provision of services by more than one network in any coverage area

61. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Key features and objectives (cont.) Availability to mobile users of a range of voice and non-voice services Provision of these services over a wide range of user densities and coverage areas Efficient use of the radio spectrum Provision of a framework for mobile network services and access to services and facilities of the fixed network An open architecture which permits easy introduction of advances in technology and of different applications A modular structure which allows the system to start from as small and simple a configuration as possible and grow as needed, in size and complexity

62. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Additional Goals Quality of service New services and capabilities Flexibility : Multi-environment, multi-mode, multi-band capabilities Impact on spectrum Evolution and migration capabilities

63. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University National Telecommunication Project in Taiwan Initiated in July 1997, a five-year national project started at July 1998. Budget: NT$1billion per year. Two major fields: Broadband Internet Wireless Communication

64. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Goals of the NTP Development of critical technologies Enhance the national competitiveness Improve telecommunication services and productivity Development of telecommunication industry

65. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Plan of the NTP Establish an experimental broadband network with gateway to international research networks (US NSF, Canada CANARIE etc.) Setup open laboratories in participating universities. Encourage cooperation with international research institutions.

66. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Some Technology Advances IP & LAN switching QoS support Wireless IP Broadband wireless networks

67. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University IP and LAN Switching Switching technologies have been included in LANs and IP switches. Performance of LANs has been greatly improved by domain switching. IP routing speed is increased by cut-through switching.

68. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Switching Technologies

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71. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University IP Switch Features IP applications with ATM performance and QoS Keeping the flexibility of IP routing Enhanced multicast capability derived from ATM

72. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Tag Switch Initiated by Cisco Co. Similar to IP switch Use Tag to facilitate hardware (ATM) switching Capable of carrying various kinds of layer 3 protocols

73. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Tag Switch

74. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University IP Switch Applications LAN TV Distance learning Corporate broadcasts Desktop conferencing

75. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Quality of Service Support Real-time applications: Internet telephony, video conferencing, webcasting. Internet QoS New definition of QoS (other than that of ATM QoS) Integrated Services (Intserv) Differentiated Services (Diffserv)

76. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Wireless IP Goal: Consumers and corporations alike using portable communications gear running IP apps to access the Internet or intranet. Between 30 and 60 million people will be surfing the wireless Web by 2002, as a consequence the next few years will see big changes in the world of mobile wireless IP.

77. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Wireless IP (cont.) WAP(wireless application protocol): Protocol stack that corresponds to 4 Layers through 7 of the OSI model, used to send simplified Web pages to wireless devices. Using IP but replaces TCP and HTTP with UDP and WTP while requiring pages be written in WML rather than HTML.

78. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Wireless IP (cont.) Nine of the largest wireless communications companies (British Telecommunications, AT&T Wireless, Rogers Cantel, Ericsson, Lucent Technologies, Nokia, Nortel Networks, Telenor, and Telecom Italiain) in the world will form a focus group (3G.IP) to develop and promote wireless technology based on IP for a third-generation mobile telephone and data transmission system.

79. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Networking & Mobility Management Received packets at the receiver shall meet the QoS requirements. Wireless is usually the bottleneck for end-to-end QoS constraint. FEC & link control bandwidth allocation admission control flow control above must be done in real-time

80. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Mobility Handoff and routing How to find a new route ? QoS provisioning MAC layer access scheme Admission control to minimize call blocking Handoff policy to minimize cell drops Routing in the network backbone to meet QoS

81. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Conclusion The Next Generation Internet (as well as Information Network) Vision: In the 21st Century, the Internet will provide a powerful and versatile environment for business, education, culture, and entertainment. Sight, sound, and even touch will be integrated through powerful computers, displays, and networks.

82. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University People will use this environment to work, bank, study, shop, entertain, and visit with each other. Whether at the office, at home, or on travel, the environment will be the same. Security, reliability, and privacy, will be built in. The customer will be able to choose among different levels of service with varying prices. Benefits of this environment will include a more agile economy, a greater choice of places to live and work, easy access to life-long learning, and better opportunity to participate in the community, the Nation, and the World.